Waltke and O’Connor, Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax

262 The comment regarding the need to consider the continuing verb in a narrative sequence initiated by has important implications for the analysis of presented in the upcoming sections of the present chapter. This comment reflects an awareness of the complex nature of the narrative web which is also what motivated the separation of the temporal occurrences of into categories based on the type of verb which directly follows.

9.2.1.7 Waltke and O’Connor, Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax

Waltke and O’Connor’s volume on Hebrew syntax has three sections where temporal clauses are discussed. First of all, in §36.2.2, the temporal use of the infinitive construct with the prepositions , , and is presented. Specifically with reference to and Examples 2-7 in §36.2.2b, they state that “ denotes in general the temporal proximity of one event to another, more specifically the more immediately preceding time” Waltke and O’Connor 1990, 604. With the limited examples they give, it is difficult to tell exactly what is meant by this distinction between and . There is , unfortunately, no further discussion of the temporal use of the infinitive construct with and . There is, however, a separate discussion of the preposition , stating that its temporal use is to “mark a point in time or an extent in time” Waltke and O’Connor 1990, 607. Again, limited examples are given without much discussion of the usage of beyond stating that “signalling a point is chiefly associated with the verb pny ‘to turn’ 263 Waltke and O’Connor 1990, 607. The uses of with infinitive constructs are displayed in section 9.3.2.3.1 below, followed by further discussion of its uses. Secondly, in §38.7, in the chapter entitled Subordination, they comment that [t]he majority of dependent temporal clauses are formed with an infinitive introduced by a preposition. There are a variety of other temporal clause types, however, introduced by other particles. These may be classified according to the temporal relation of the main clause situation and that of the subordinate clause. Waltke and O’Connor 1990, 643 The ten examples they provide are of different temporal particles which indicate contemporary, later, or preceding temporal situations, referring to the “temporal relation of the main clause situation and that of the subordinate clause” Waltke and O’Connor 1990, 643. For example, according to Waltke and O’Connor, indicates a later situation. The third section deals with clausal adverbs, discussing deictic and independent temporal adverbs. These adverbs are listed with their corresponding lexical meanings, but no examples of usage are given. Even though a variety of temporal expressions are catalogued in Waltke and O’Connor, there are numerous issues of their uses and functions that are not touched on in their volume on syntax.

9.2.1.8 Pratico and Van Pelt, The Basics of Biblical Hebrew