Infinitive Construct Followed by

299 When the ark set out, Moses said… ; ; Num 10:35 The significance of being attentive to whether the subject changes or remains the same is that it helps anticipate certain components of the syntactic structure and the typical patterns of participant reference. For example, Gen 19:29 below follows the pattern of same subject, but the explicit subject ? : is repeated in both the temporal and the main clause. The repetition of the subject is not syntactically required in the main clause, but it eliminates any possible ambiguity in the third person participant reference. Lot and Abraham have been the main third person participants in this part of the narrative. Now, all of a sudden, ? : is introduced as the subject, so the repetition makes it clear that ? :, not Lot, remembered Abraham. In the following examples, there are certain syntactic features that require further comment, but this will follow the display of the data.

9.3.2.1.1.1 Infinitive Construct Followed by

WAYYIQTOL The following occurrences of the + - + INFC are followed directly by a WAYYIQTOL . When they were in the field, Cain rose up against Abel his brother and killed him. Pc-vqw3msXa Pp-vqcX3mp Pp+Pa- ncms Pc-vqw3ms np Pp-np ncmscX3ms Pc-vqw3msX3ms K + 8 C Gen 4:8 When they journeyed east, they found a plain in the land of Shinar and settled there. Pc-vqw3msXa Pp-vqcX3mp Pp- ncms Pc-vqw3mp ncfs Pp-ncbs np Pc-vqw3mp Pd 1 8 Gen 11:2 300 When God destroyed the cities of the valley, God remembered Abraham, and sent Lot out of the midst of the overthrow, when He overthrew the cities in which Lot lived. Pc-vqw3msXa Pp-vpc ncmp Po- ncfpc Pa-ncfs Pc-vqw3ms ncmp Po- np Pc-vpw3ms Po-np Pp-ncmsc Pa- ncfs Pp-vqc Po-Pa-ncfp Pr-vqp3ms PpX3fp np ? : , ? : 4 4+5 6+ 86+ Gen 19:29 When she was in severe labor the midwife said to her, “Do not fear, for now you have another son.” Pc-vqw3msXa Pp-vhcX3fs Pp- vqcX3fs Pc-vqw3fs PpX3fs Pa- vpPfs Pd-vqi2fs{1}Jm Pp-Pc-ams PpX2fs ncms B5 B , B 5 8 4 C 5 Gen 35:17 When her soul was departing for she died, she named him Ben-oni; but his father called him Benjamin. Pc-vqw3msXa Pp-vqc ncfscX3fs Pp vqp3fs Pc-vqw3fs ncmscX3ms np Pc-ncmscX3ms vqp3ms-PpX3ms np B B 8 ; + ; 5 Gen 35:18 While Israel was dwelling in that land, Reuben went and lay with Bilhah his fathers concubine, and Israel heard of it. Pc-vqw3msXa Pp-vqc np Pp+Pa- ncbs Pa-pi3fs Pc-vqw3msXa np Pc- vqw3ms Po-np ncfs ncmscX3ms Pc- vqw3ms np Pc-vqw3mp ncmpc-np amd ams F C 4 8 F F Gen 35:22 While she was giving birth, one put out a hand, and the midwife took and tied a scarlet thread on his hand, saying, “This one came out first.” Pc-vqw3msXa Pp-vqcX3fs Pc- vqw3ms-ncfs Pc-vqw3fs Pa-vpPfs Pc-vqw3fs Pp-ncfscX3ms ncms Pp- vqc ams vqp3ms afs , 15 5 B5 8 ; 5 Gen 38:28 301 When the ark set out, Moses said,“Rise up, O LORD And let Your enemies be scattered, And let those who hate You flee before You.” Pc-vqw3msXa Pp-vqc Pa-ncbs Pc- vqw3ms np vqvmsXaXh np Pc- vqi3mpXa{1}Jm vqPmpcX2ms Pc- vqi3mp{1}Jm vpPmpcX2ms Pp- ncbpcX2ms ; ; L E 8L L F O Num 10:35 When the congregation assembled against Moses and Aaron, they turned toward the tent of meeting, and behold, the cloud covered it and the glory of the LORD appeared Pc-vqw3msXa Pp-vnc Pa-ncfs Pp- np Pc-Pp-np Pc-vqw3mp Pp-ncms ncms Pc-Pi vpp3msX3ms Pa-ncms Pc-vnw3msXa ncmsc np ; 1 I + 8 + Num 17:7 16:42 When Joshua was by Jericho, he lifted up his eyes and looked, and behold, a man was standing opposite him with his sword drawn in his hand, and Joshua went to him and said to him, “Are you for us or for our adversaries?” Pc-vqw3msXa Pp-vqc np Pp-np Pc- vqw3ms ncfdcX3ms Pc-vqw3msXa Pc-Pi-ncms vqPms Pp-PpX3ms Pc- ncfscX3ms vqsfs Pp-ncfscX3ms Pc- vqw3msXa np PpX3ms Pc-vqw3ms PpX3ms Pg-PpX1cp pi2ms Pd-Pp- ncmpcX1cp + E+ + K ; ; ; C E+ 4 8 5 ; ; Josh 5:13 When she came to him, she persuaded him to ask her father for a field. So she alighted from the donkey, and Caleb said to her, “What do you want?” Pc-vqw3msXa Pp-vqcX3fs Pc- vhw3fsX3ms Pp-vqc Pp-Pp- ncmscX3fs ncms Pc-vqw3fs Pp-Pp Pa-ncms Pc-vqw3ms-PpX3fs np pii- PpX2fs B + F + 5 + 5 84, B ; Josh 15:18 302 When she came to him, she persuaded him to ask her father for a field. Then she alighted from her donkey, and Caleb said to her, “What do you want?” Pc-vqw3msXa Pp-vqcX3fs Pc- vhw3fsX3ms Pp-vqc Pp-Pp- ncmscX3fs Pa-ncms Pc-vqw3fs Pp- Pp Pa-ncms Pc-vqw3ms-PpX3fs np pii-PpX2fs B + K + 5 + 5 84, B ; Judg 1:14 When he arrived, he blew the trumpet in the hill country of Ephraim; and the sons of Israel went down with him from the hill country, and he was in front of them. Pc-vqw3msXa Pp-vqcX3ms Pc- vqw3ms Pp+Pa-ncms Pp-ncms np Pc-vqw3mp PpX3ms ncmpc-np Pp- Pa-ncms Pc-pi3ms Pp-ncmpcX3mp ; + +- F ;3 8 Judg 3:27 When the flame went up from the altar toward heaven, the angel of the LORD ascended in the flame of the altar. When Manoah and his wife saw this, they fell on their faces to the ground. Pc-vqw3msXa Pp-vqc Pa-ncms Pp- Pp Pa-ncms Pa-ncmpXd Pc- vqw3msXa ncmsc-np Pp-ncms Pa- ncms Pc-np Pc-ncfscX3ms vqPmp Pc-vqw3mp Pp-ncmpcX3mp ncfsXd - 3 , + 3 4 8 ; ;5 + Judg 13:20 When they entered, he looked at Eliab and thought, “Surely the LORDS anointed is before Him.” Pc-vqw3msXa Pp-vqcX3mp Pc- vqw3msXa Po-np Pc-vqw3ms Pd Pp np amscX3ms : + 8 ; C 4 ; 1 Sam 16:6 As they were coming, when David returned from killing the Philistine, the women came out of all the cities of Israel, singing and dancing, to meet King Saul, with tambourines, with joy and with musical instruments. Pc-vqw3msXa Pp-vqcX3mp Pp-vqc np Pp-vhc Po-Pa-np Pc-vqw3fp Pa- ncfp Pp-ncmsc-ncfpc np Pp-vqc Pp- vqc Pc-Pa-ncfp Pp-vqc np Pa-ncms Pp-ncmp Pp-ncfs Pc-Pp-ncmp 5 + + + F 5 + 3 8 F E 4 3 1 Sam 18:6 303 Now Jonathan, Sauls son, had a son crippled in his feet. He was five years old when the report of Saul and Jonathan came from Jezreel, and his nurse took him up and fled. When she hurried to flee, he fell and became lame. And his name was Mephibosheth. Pc-Pp-np ncmsc-np ncms amsc ncfd ncmsc-afs ncfp vqp3ms Pp-vqc ncfsc np Pc-np Pp-np Pc- vqw3fsX3ms vqPfsX3ms Pc- vqw3fsXa Pc-vqw3msXa Pp- vqcX3fs Pp-vqc Pc-vqw3ms Pc- vnw3ms Pc-ncmscX3ms np C + E ;5 ;5 K5 + B 8 ; 2 Sam 4:4 As Joab kept watch on the city, he put Uriah at the place where he knew there were valiant men. Pc-vqw3msXa Pp-vqc np Pp-Pa- ncfs Pc-vqw3ms Po-np Pp-Pa-ncms Pr vqp3ms Pp ncmpc-ncms Pd + + + 3 5 8 2 Sam 11:16 When David was in Edom, and Joab the commander of the army had gone up to bury the slain, and had struck down every male in Edom for Joab and all Israel stayed there six months, until he had cut off every male in Edom, Hadad fled to Egypt, he and certain Edomites of his fathers servants with him, while Hadad was a young boy. Pc-vqw3msXa Pp-vqc np Po-np Pp- vqc np ncms Pa-ncbs Pp-vpc Po-Pa- ncmp Pc-vhw3ms ncmsc-ncms Pp- np Pp amsc ncmp vqp3ms-Pd np Pc-ncmsc-np Pp-vhp3ms ncmsc- ncms Pp-np Pc-vqw3ms np pi3ms Pc-ncmp np Pp-ncmpc ncmscX3ms PpX3ms Pp-vqc np Pc-np ncms ams + : + J F + + 8+ : 4 + 2 8+ : F ; 8 6 + ;5 1 Kgs 11:15-17 304 So Elijah went to show himself to Ahab. Now the famine was severe in Samaria. Ahab called Obadiah who was over the household. Now Obadiah feared the LORD greatly; when Jezebel destroyed the prophets of the LORD, Obadiah took a hundred prophets and hid them by fifties in a cave, and provided them with bread and water. Pc-vqw3msXa np Pp-vnc Pp-np Pc- Pa-ncms ams Pp-np Pc-vqw3ms np Pp-np Pr Pp-Pa-ncms Pc-np vqp3ms ams Po-np Pd Pc-vqw3msXa Pp- vhc np Po ncmpc np Pc-vqw3ms np afs ncmp Pc-vhw3msX3mp abp ncms Pp+Pa-ncfs Pc- vdp3msX3mp{2} ncms Pc-ncmp + 4 8 + 8 1 3 - 8 1 Kgs 18:2-4 At the time of the offering of the evening sacrifice, Elijah the prophet came near and said, “O LORD, the God of Abraham, Isaac and Israel, today let it be known that You are God in Israel and that I am Your servant and I have done all these things at Your word. Pc-vqw3msXa Pp-vqc Pa-ncfs Pc- vqw3ms np Pa-ncms Pc-vqw3ms np ncmpc np np Pc-np Pa-ncms vni3ms{1}Jm Pp-pi2ms ncmp Pp- np Pc-pi1cs ncmscX2ms Pc-Pp- ncmpcX2ms Pc-Pp-ncmscX2ms vqp1cs Po ncmsc-Pa-ncmp Pa-acp G 3 + ? : ; 5 + F L L F ? : 8 , F 1 Kgs 18:36 When the LORD was about to take up Elijah by a whirlwind to heaven, Elijah went with Elisha from Gilgal. Pc-vqw3msXa Pp-vhc np Po-np Pp+Pa-ncfs Pa-ncmp Pc-vqw3msXa np Pc-np Pp-Pa-np + 8 G G : 4 - 2 Kgs 2:1 Because God was helping the Levites who were carrying the ark of the covenant of the LORD, they sacrificed seven bulls and seven rams. Pc-vqw3msXa Pp-vqc Pa-ncmp Po- Pa-np vqPmpc ncbsc ncfs-np Pc- vqw3mp afs-ncmp Pc-ams ncmp ? : ; + F ; 8 1 Chr 15:26 305 When the command and decree of the king were heard and many young ladies were gathered to the citadel of Susa into the custody of Hegai, Esther was taken to the kings palace into the custody of Hegai, who was in charge of the women. Pc-vqw3msXa Pp-vnc ncmsc-Pa- ncms Pc-ncfscX3ms Pc-Pp-vnc ncfp afp Pp-np Pa-ncfs Pp-ncfsc np Pc- vnw3fs np Pp-ncmsc Pa-ncms Pp- ncfsc np vqPms Pa-ncfp 0 1 ; 4 3 - C + + 4 3 5 ,5 8 C Esth 2:8 when Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up against the land, we said, ‘Come and let us go to Jerusalem before the army of the Chaldeans and before the army of the Arameans.’ So we have dwelt in Jerusalem.” Pc-vqw3msXa Pp-vqc np ncms-np Pp-Pa-ncbs Pc-vqw1cp vqvmp Pc- vqi1cp{1}Cm np Pp-ncbpc ncmsc Pa-np Pc-Pp-ncbpc ncmsc np Pc- vqw1cp Pp-np 4 J + F + ; 8 Jer 35:11 When He commanded the man clothed in linen, saying, “Take fire from between the whirling wheels, from between the cherubim,” he entered and stood beside a wheel. Pc-vqw3msXa Pp-vpcX3ms Po-Pa- ncms vqsms-Pa-ncmp Pp-vqc vqvms ncbs Pp-Pp Pp+Pa-ncms Pp- Pp Pp+Pa-ncmp Pc-vqw3msXa Pc- vqw3ms Pp Pa-ncms E ; ; + G G + 8 + Ezek 10:6 When I, Daniel, had seen the vision, I sought to understand it; and behold, standing before me was one who looked like a man. Pc-vqw3msXa Pp-vqcX1cs pi1cs np Po-Pa-ncms Pc-vpw1csXa ncfs Pc- Pi vqPms Pp-PpX1cs Pp-ncmsc- ncms + 8 C C Dan 8:15 306 As he was talking with him, the king said to him, “Have we appointed you a royal counselor? Stop Why should you be struck down?” Then the prophet stopped and said, “I know that God has planned to destroy you, because you have done this and have not listened to my counsel.” Pc-vqw3msXa Pp-vpcX3ms PpX3ms Pc-vqw3ms PpX3ms Pa- Pp-vqPms Pp+Pa-ncms vqp1cpX2ms vqvms-PpX2ms Pg vhi3mpX2ms Pc-vqw3ms Pa-ncms Pc-vqw3ms vqp1cs Pp-vqp3ms ncmp Pp-vhcX2ms Pp-vqp2ms afs Pc-Pn vqp2ms Pp-ncfscX1cs ; ; ; L 3 L L 4 3 0+ 5 ; ? .; F L ? : 8 5 2 Chr 25:16 Three occurrences merit special comment because of the syntactic features of the dependent clause with . Even though these occurrences appear to have intervening clauses, they are, in fact, examples of complex temporal expressions. 1 Sam 18:6 Immediately following the dependent clause formed by INFC - , there is another occurrence of INFC - . This second temporal clause provides further specification for the first. Both occurrences of the INFC - are governed by the same . 1 Kgs 11:15 This occurrence is very similar to the preceding example. Both occurrences of the INFC - are governed by the initial . The second dependent clause provides further information about the setting in which the event of the next main verb, 4 , takes place. Esth 2:8 The third example is similar, but adds another element. The second INFC - is prefixed by , which underscores the coordinate nature of the two events expressed by the infinitive constructs. The also introduces an element of sequentiality. In all of the preceding examples, the INFC - establishes the temporal frame within which the action of the WAYYIQTOL occurs. 307

9.3.2.1.1.2 Infinitive Construct Followed by