Data Collection Technique Data Analysis
Based on the data analysis, there are seven types of syntactic deviations: preposition phrases, noun phrases, adjectival phrases, adverb displacement,
subject displacement, multiple negation, and inversion. Multiple negation shares the highest portion because it is influenced by many factors compares to other
types. The next portions from the highest to the lowest are inversion, noun phrase, prepositional phrase, subject displacement, adjectival phrase and adverb
displacement as the lowest one. Besides finding the types of syntactic deviations found in the poem, the
writer figures out several purposes of the author wrote his poems using syntactic deviations. The purposes are: a to show jazz music that expresses as sorrow and
loneliness, b to portray American‟s dream, c to show African-American‟s
struggle, d to depict racism in America, e to face difficulty wisely, f to show self-actualization, and g to show the other problems faced by African-American.
Moreover, the writer figures out that multiple negation is mostly used by the poet to emphasis the message conveyed by the poet related to the African-
American problems happened in that era. In regard to telling the African- American‟s struggle in that era, Langston Hughes used multiple negation to
discuss African- American‟s relationship.