1969. The following two lines from Audens Letter to Lord Byron are examples
of register deviation:
And many a bandit, not so gently born Kills vermin every winter with the Quorn
Leech 1968: 50 observes that ‘Kills vermin’ here is a singular expression
because it mixes two usages: in the term of euphemism in which one refers to animals as vermin, while another interpretation of killing is as ‘keeping down’,
‘destroying’, ‘dealing with’, etc.
f. Deviation of Historical Period
In this kind of deviation, there is no limitation for writers to use ancient words or structures based on their particular period of language that are no longer
used in standard language to improve the aesthetic or musical value of the literary work Leech, 1969. Leech calls historical deviation archaism ancient and he
defines it as the survival of the past into the language of present time Leech, 1969: 52.
g. Grammatical Deviation
One of the most important things in using the language is the grammar of language. Knapp and Watkins 2005:31 state that grammar remains simply a set of
rules for correctness or appropriateness. Thus, for the sake of the appropriateness, authors deviate literary language from ordinary language especially language in
poetry to make it rhymed.
The term ‘deviation’ according to Raymond Chapman in Mwenda 2012: 117, is defined as
linguistic usage that is considered coming from normal expectations of users of the language.
This definition implies that deviation is negative because it is a violation of the rules of the grammar. This can be an obstacle
for an effective communication. On the other hand, deviation in literature is a positive stylistic feature of literary works.
According to Joanna Shang 2005:44, Grammar works on two level, they are Morphology the grammar of the word and Syntax the grammar of how
words pattern within sentences. Since, the focus of this study is syntactic deviations, the reseracher explained syntactic deviations deeper than
morphological deviation.
1 Morphological Deviation
The term ‘deviation’ is used to describe the ways in which literary
language can be said to differ from everyday language, and the researcher focuses from morphological aspect.
According to Lieber 2009: 14, morphology is the study of word formation, including the ways of how new words are invented in the languages of
the world, and the way forms of words are varied depending on how they’re used in sentences.
Andrew Catairs 2002: 10 says that linguistically, morphology is a study of internal structure of the smallest gramatical unit that is called as morpheme,
and formation of words. To Crystal 2003: 134, any sort of violence to the
