305 YA:1049 Bumbai, I work for I don’t know how long. Maybe couple years, see. Then, another
quarterman come around. The quarterman taking charge. The quarterman is higher than the leaderman. Leaderman is just like straw boss, eh? So, the quarterman say, “Can you do this machine work?” I say,
“Yeah, I can.” They put me one job. He write one slip, see. Tell me go down the storeroom, get the materials. Then he say, “Here you stay. This machine, you going work.” And I said, “I don’t know how to
run the machine.” They show me how to handle the machine. So, after that, I put the job on, I make the job come good.
YA:1051 Hour. That’s pretty good already, see? Then when I come out from the retirement, 200 a
month, retire. So, they ask me if I want to leave back percentage for my wife. I ask my wife. My wife say, “No. you better take ’em all.” So, I take ’em all. I get 200 a month. And then, come up, cost of
living go up to 900 today.
5.39.5 Summary
In summary, our investigation has found examples of the following valences in our corpus: Clause1 BECAUSE Clause2
Clause1 BECAUSE OF THIS Clause2
BECAUSE OF SOMEONE, Clause
We are missing examples of the following valences: BECAUSE OF ME, Clause
BECAUSE OF YOU, Clause
5.40 IF 5.40.1 Primitive Syntax
The semantic syntax of IF is very straight forward: IF CLAUSE1, CLAUSE2
5.40.2 HCE Candidates
There are three candidates in HCE for IF to consider: if, sapoz, and zero-marked conditionals. It would be very difficult to implement a computerized search for the zero-marked conditionals. A
manual search of the corpus has turned up the following examples from a single speaker: MY:1466 Oh, yeah. Safe. Because not like today, make sure you got to watch your kids and this
and that. Those days, they leave the kids alone. They don’t have to teach ’em to go study, they all study. Today, you don’t tell ’em study, they no study. Our days, we study. Come home from school, we
study, do our lesson, and then go play.
306
MY:1468 No more fresh water inside the ocean, no more, you know. You got to get fresh water
come into the salt water, then you get. If no more fresh water, no more ogo. So, I used to go get and I used to give out.
MY:1470 The highlight of the zoo was the lion. Lion and the elephant, the monkeys. You go tease ’em, the guy, oh, they get mad, you know. The lions and the ostrich. You go tease ’em, oh, boy,
they get mad. The caretaker scold you.
MY:1477 And then, Mrs. King, she get big ruler. You do something no good, bang, she whack you.
I used to be the rascal one. You know, the kamani leaf, you know how big, eh? Kamani leaf, eh? When I see dog shit, I cover the kamani leaf on top there. The guy come pick ’em up, he got to pick ’em up, eh?
He don’t know. But when he pick ’em, he mad like hell. “Who wen do that?” It is difficult to identify any intonational or prosodic clues which mark this construction. Probably,
the only possible linguistic marker are the clauses themselves, which are transparently related to one another as condition and consequence.
Sapoz as a marker of conditionals is very rare in the corpus, there are only two examples: JB:67 Well, if I was Ilokano and my father is a Visayan, my father have to speak the Visayan word
and the Ilokano guy have to say the Visayan dialect that how my father is saying. Now, supposing the other fellow is Ilokano and he says the Ilokano dialect. My father couldn’t speak the Ilokano dialect
because it’s kind of hard for him. The only one that he knows is the Visayan language. That’s the reason why he got to speak only Visayan with the Ilokano fellow. Whoever the Ilokano fellow may be.
OC:8 You know, he stayed there until about one o’clock Sunday to collect all the boys who get
newspaper they want return so they can give a piece of paper. Suppose you but twenty paper, you only sell sixteen, you got four more so he give you one good for next day.
It would therefore be difficult to regard it as a widespread exponent for IF. The form if, however, is widespread throughout the continuum and is therefore our best candidate.
5.40.3 Examples of if
