279 5.37.5.1 THERE ARE X kain OF Y
There are three examples of kain co-occuring with the primitive THERE ARE:
YA:1062 Da kine bird. Get kinda little long-legged kind. And then, they fly by flock on the side
of the beach, eh? Nomoa is a portmanteau form containing both THERE ARE and NO:
EB:1134 Oh, New Year’s, too. We make candy–the Philippine candy, like that. But no more this kind wrapping on, you know.
YA:1058 Oh, we only catch squid. No more other kind. Because plenty people over there, you
know. Sand Island. Now, no can tell. I no can tell how Sand Island look like now. All fill up already. No more one island over there, see?
5.37.6 Summary
Examples of the following syntactic valences for KIND were found in our corpus: X IS A KIND OF Y
X IS THE SAME KIND AS Y THERE ARE X KINDS OF Y
There are no missing examples.
5.38 LIKE 5.38.1 Primitive Syntax
The following is the syntactic specification for LIKE: IYOUPEOPLEd1PERSONd1THINGTHIS IS LIKE
MEYOUD1 PERSONPEOPLED1 THINGTHIS SOMEONEPEOPLESOMETHING
LIKE IYOUTHIS
OTHERONETWOMANY PERSONTHING
SAY-CLAUSEHAPPEN-CLAUSEDO-CLAUSE LIKE THIS: ... CLAUSE1 AS LIKE CLAUSE2
5.38.2 HCE Candidates
There are two competing forms in HCE to consider for the primitive LIKE: laik and jalaik. There are at least six senses of the HCE token laik:
One sense of the form laik is an exponent of the NSM primitive WANT: BB:021 I had to work in the pineapple field. I was planting pineapple, picking pineapple; I was
making good money over there. Wahiawa. [name deleted] man make good story about us. The boss came one day. He say, “[name deleted], ” he say – he’s the boss, eh K5 “what kind job you like?” I
280
say,“Any kin’ job I like, but got to be contract,” I told ’im. He say, “Why you like contract?” “ I like make money,” I tell ’im. “I no like get the kin’ free money.” I say, “What I work you folks pay me. I like
that kin’ job.” So, I got all contract job. A related sense of laik is decomposable in terms of good feelings:
ER:782 Yeah. Bumbai I go with them, I like da kine cowboy kind job. So after I go with them, then
bumbai the chief cowboy, he like me because I little bit lively, little bit quick. Then the other two first guys, the two Sam, they kinda leave back go plant tree. Then me, every time, I go with them. That’s how
I learn cowboy. Every time I go with my cousin, he like take me, too, eh. I follow him, Bill, Bill... It is clear that WANT would not fit in the above context.
There is a sense of laik used for listing examples: MY:460 I had all the one team, all the school students one team, and all the guys who stick around
certain-certain part, one team. And I be the league manager. Then the ball game started at the Thomas Jefferson School. I go out and get all the sponsor for them. I get the T-shirt for them and all the prizes for
them. I had the sponsor like Blue Bird Cafe, Blue Ocean Inn, Ibaraki Store.
There are examples of laidaet which are used for incomplete enumeration. It is possible that this usage may actually cover several different senses, as indicated by preliminary attempts at explication,
but I will not attempt to explain this any further in this study. BB:023 Yea. He fix the kin’ — he fix the houses like that.
Laik may also serve as an interjection: GF:348 Gee, I go swim in there everytime, but I no feel like that. When I went home, I felt so good.
I change my clothes, put on dry clothes. And about 1 o’clock we had lunch. They told me, “George, I want you to eat anything on the table.” Well, we had fish, we had chicken, we had pork, we had meat.
Anything you can think of. These guys, when they came from Hilo, they bought lot of food. And, like, we get plenty chicken and ducks. Pork, meat. All the time down there. Fish.
There are numerous examples in our text of laik being used to introduce topics in discourse: ER:762 Hawaiian, Filipino, Japanese. That kind guys, they surround, the old man. They surround.
And before I hear da kine story. Like you, you one boss for the akule. Him one boss for the akule. But if this akule belong you, and he go surround, he no get nothing. Only what’s stuck in the net again.
ER:788 Yeah. He teach young boys, too. He teach, and he good. He no mad, this man. No matter what you do to him, he no mad. Hard old man for get mad. You get mad with him, you can grumble
grumble, no, he no say nothing. Bumbai he tell you, “Why you come mad like that. No good. You gotta be good to all the people. No come mad.” Like me, I wen go school, eh. I no learn in school. But I learn
all from work. What I work, I learn from the old people, I try pick up from them.
There seem to be a number of phrasemes involving laik. For examples, the phrase laik ai sed:
MY:457 No, we all moved out. After a while, we moved out. So, we move to Kapahulu. Like I said,
everybody start moving out because that’s only lease land. You lease. There is also the form fio laik:
SU:565 It’s almost double size. I had one room especially for this Press Club. You know, all the newspaper guys, Press Club, yeah? Exclusive for them for use, with the soft chairs and everything. They
can come in and out, anytime they feel like when we’re open.
There is the form luk laik: ER:786 He tell, “You look this one, you compare this one to this.” So I look what’s the difference.
Then he tell you what the difference. You look, but you tell him, “Shee, I don’t know the difference. To me, look like the same.” “No, this one narrow, this one heavy build, bull, short, heavy. This one long, no
more.” He tell you all this kind, and you gotta think every time, eh, how they tell you. There is the form seim laik:
SU:544 Well, same like on a restaurant. Hamburger, hamburger steak, veal cutlet, pork cutlet, and
turtle cutlet. You know, those days, you can get turtle, eh?
281 It would be hard to be comprehensive in my coverage of the polysemy of laik without a significant
additional investment in time. Nevertheless, I think the point is made that laik is a complex polysemous form.
There is a sense of laik which is close to the primitive LIKE. In the following examples, mi serves as kind of a surface object to laik, but it also serves as a kind of underlying subject:
BB:015 I worked in the field. You know [name deleted], he’s the contractor, eh. I was one of fastest hoe hana guy. So, when I came over here too, eh they see me hoe hana, eh – Shee, the guy tell me, he
never see one guy can hoe hana like me. You know Kukuihaele side, when you go below the road, eh get plenty stone. But when you stay above the main highway around warehouse side, eh around there no
more stone, you know. Good land all the way up to...
JB:65 Oh yeah. Filipino. See, my father was a Spanish-Filipino. My mother was a Hawaiian. My mother has a royal blood. We had the alii blood, you ever heard of alii? But I don’t know how to explain
what is alii mean. Alii is some kind of legend that the Hawaiian people, I don’t know how to explain it, but I can try, though. Because my family, we are from the alii family. Alii means .... that’s why I wanted
my wife to come back. Because she knows the Hawaiian most. She doesn’t speak like me but at least she knows something. I have the alii blood, I have Hawaiian blood, I have Filipino blood, I have the Spanish
blood. Oh, my mother is not pure Chinese, only partly I think.
The following frame involves ai as the subject of a matrix verb containing a LIKE adjunct: NC:150 She doesn’t. She try to go out one time. Try to cut rice. Just for the fun of it. But she
cannot. Cutting rice is hard. Dai Ho is good cutting rice. One time Ah Kong was telling, “Oh, if I can hold so many thing like you folks. You folks cannot catch me.” So one time Dai Ho said, “Now you
can hold eight.” He said, “Go ahead. We race.” Ah Kong look at him, he say, “Just because you faster than me that’s why he tell me.” Dai Ho is fast cutting rice.
Presumably, this sentence may be paraphrased in part as: 126 I AM LIKE you folks
127 I can hold so many thing
The HCE token jus laik or alternately jalaik has a much less complicated polysemy. In the non-primitive sense of jus laik, there is a NP following jus laik.
This NP serves as a kind of underlying subject: KK:111 She was walking jus like one egg.
NK:921 The ‘ula‘ula. That’s lau-loa, that. We no make much da kine for poi. Because they all come
up, swell up, just like baking powder. When you make pancake, they all...
i.e., All of them swelled up like baking powder would swell up This NP may also serve as a kind of underlying object:
ER:816 No, I used to go down every time with the brother. Me and him every time, most weekends
I go down. So, Rebecca father and the mother, I every time go down there, they treat me just like their son, too, eh. They keep me, I go down there and then I take goat. Sometime we go buy cracker from
over here. We take ’em box of cracker. Sometime we reach down there, smash, eh. All grind, smash eh. Sometime I go buy flour, and take flour. She fry pancake. So every time I used to go down there. So them
guys, I think they take me just like one boy, too, for them. Me too, I think them, that’s my father. That time I no marry her, eh. They my father and my mother. I think them just like father and the mother
for me.
WK:710 Ohelo berries. The tea. The leaves, the young shoots. You boil it just like tea. i.e., you boil the leaves like you would boil tea
There are a very few similar examples with laik: TA:46 Yeah, you work by hand. You don’t push the whole thing up like the bulldozer.
i.e., you don’t push the whole thing up like a bulldozer would push the whole thing up The following is an example of the other major non-polysemous sense of jus laik:
282 ER:786 So I look what’s the difference. Then he tell you what the difference. You look, but you tell
him, “Shee, I don’t know the difference. To me, look like the same.” “No, this one narrow, this one heavy build, bull, short, heavy. This one long, no more.” He tell you all this kind, and you gotta think every
time, eh, how they tell you. What kind big, what kind this one. And then, he tell you, “This one how many pound, you think?” So, like me, just like I guess, yeah. I tell ’em, maybe this one 500 pound, and
he tell you how you know if 500 pound. How you know? Then you tell, “Oh, because he look bigger than this guy.” No. He tell, “No, you wrong. You look by the weight. You figure out how much weight
this guy. You no guess.” You gotta come close, eh, when you figure out.
Roughly speaking, this example means it is like I am guessing.
5.38.3 Examples of laik
