PartonomyTaxonomy: PART OF, KIND OF LIKE
6.12 PartonomyTaxonomy: PART OF, KIND OF
In the corpus, we found evidence for the following NSM frame for PART: X IS A PART OF Y We are missing evidence for the frame: Y, THERE ARE X PARTS This is another accidental gap in our data since examples of PART are very rare. The following sentence sounds perfectly fine: 152 ea fiota get chri pat ‘There are three parts in an air filter’ The syntax for PART has been a matter of controversy in NSM. In Goddard and W’s 1994 study, PART was singled as the most problematic primitive across languages. Examples of the following syntactic valences for KIND were found in our corpus: X IS A KIND OF Y X IS THE SAME KIND AS Y THERE ARE X KINDS OF Y There are no missing valences.6.13 LIKE
The following syntactic patterns were found for the primitive LIKE: I AM LIKE X SOMEONE IS LIKE X PEOPLE ARE LIKE X SOMETHING IS LIKE X X IS LIKE ME X IS LIKE YOU X IS LIKE SOMEONE If someone hit the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel with a rotten tomato, we could say that Judas is under the tomato even if Judas is spatially located above the tomato. So it is possible that there is a sense of under which contains a component like: people cannot see this thing because something else is in front of it. If this is true, perhaps I could explain oddness of sentence 151 by saying that there is no corresponding separate sense of above containing the component people can see this thing because something else is behind it. Nevertheless, I think this counter-example warrants further investigation. 347 X IS LIKE PEOPLE X IS LIKE SOMETHING X IS LIKE THIS X LIKE ME X LIKE YOU X LIKE SOMEONE X LIKE SOMETHING X LIKE THIS SAY-Clause LIKE THIS: HAPPEN-Clause LIKE THIS: DO-Clause LIKE THIS: Clause1 AS LIKE Clause2 There were two patterns missing. YOU ARE LIKE X THIS IS LIKE X This gap is also accidental. Its presence is not surprising given the number of valences associated with this primitive. As one would expect, the following sentences sound fine: 153 yu jalaik da hasbaen, onli gud fo it aen waech tivi. ‘You are like themy husband. All you do is eat and watch TV.’ 154 dis jalaik heidn maengo, onli mo suit. ‘This is like a Hayden mango, except that it is sweeter.’6.14 BECAUSE
Parts
» e Book 61 Stanwood Adequacy Hawaii Creole English
» Concerning the present study Contents of chapters The hypothesis
» The NSM specification Introduction
» Falsification of hypothesis Validity of results
» Naturalness NSM as an approach to semantic analysis
» Substitutability NSM as an approach to semantic analysis
» How substitution works for articles
» Substituting one level at a time
» Directionality An overview of Natural Semantic Metalanguage
» The search for semantic primitives
» About the forms of primitives
» Cross-linguistic equivalence An overview of Natural Semantic Metalanguage
» The NSM specification An overview of Natural Semantic Metalanguage
» Specific concerns about the current NSM proposal
» Conclusion X feels like this
» History Hawai‛i Creole English
» Language attitudes Hawai‛i Creole English
» HCE and cognition Hawai‛i Creole English
» Standard English and cognitive development Linguists on the equality of languages
» Pattern of variation What to study
» The primitives Importance of primitives History and status of primitives
» Organization of following sections
» HCE candidates Examples of aimi
» HCE Candidates Examples of yu
» HCE candidates SOMEONE .1 Primitive Syntax
» Examples of samwan Examples of prsn
» Examples of sambadi SOMEONE .1 Primitive Syntax
» Examples of gai SOMEONE .1 Primitive Syntax
» HCE Candidates Examples of pipo
» HCE candidates Examples of samting
» Examples of ting Examples of wat
» HCE candidates THINK .1 Primitive Syntax
» Examples of tink THINK .1 Primitive Syntax
» HCE Candidates KNOW .1 Primitive Syntax
» Examples of no KNOW .1 Primitive Syntax
» HCE Candidates SAY .1 Primitive Syntax
» Examples of sei SAY .1 Primitive Syntax
» Examples of tel SAY .1 Primitive Syntax
» Primitive Syntax HCE candidates
» Examples of laik WANT .1 Semantics
» Examples of wan WANT .1 Semantics
» HCE candidates FEEL .1 Primitive Syntax
» Examples of fio FEEL .1 Primitive Syntax
» HCE Candidates Examples of du
» HCE Candidates Examples of dis
» HCE Candidates Examples of seim
» HCE Candidates Examples of ada
» Examples of eos OTHER .1 Primitive Syntax
» HCE Candidates Examples of wan
» HCE Candidates Examples of tu
» HCE Candidates Examples of lats
» Examples of maeni MUCHMANY .1 Primitive Syntax
» Examples of mach MUCHMANY .1 Primitive Syntax
» Examples of pleni MUCHMANY .1 Primitive Syntax
» HCE Candidates Examples of aw
» Examples of aweiz ALL .1 Primitive Syntax
» Examples of evribadi ALL .1 Primitive Syntax
» Examples of evriwan ALL .1 Primitive Syntax
» HCE Candidates Examples of gud
» HCE Candidates HCE Examples Examples of baed
» HCE Candidates Examples of big
» HCE Candidates SMALL .1 Primitive Syntax
» Examples of smaw SMALL .1 Primitive Syntax
» Examples of lido SMALL .1 Primitive Syntax
» HCE Candidates Examples of veri
» Examples of rili VERY .1 Primitive Syntax
» HCE Candidates Examples of wen
» Examples of taim WHEN .1 Primitive Syntax
» Examples of samtaim WHEN .1 Primitive Syntax
» HCE Candidates AFTER .1 Primitive Syntax
» Examples of aefta AFTER .1 Primitive Syntax
» Examples of aeftawad AFTER .1 Primitive Syntax
» HCE Candidates Examples of bifo
» HCE Candidates WHERE .1 Primitive Syntax
» Examples of pleis WHERE .1 Primitive Syntax
» Examples of wea WHERE .1 Primitive Syntax
» HCE Candidates Examples of anda
» Examples of andanit UNDER .1 Primitive Syntax
» HCE Candidates ABOVE .1 Primitive Syntax
» Examples of abav ABOVE .1 Primitive Syntax
» HCE Candidates PART .1 Primitive Syntax
» Examples of pat PART .1 Primitive Syntax
» HCE Candidates KIND OF .1 Primitive Syntax
» X IS kain OF Y X IS THE SAME kain AS Y
» HCE Candidates LIKE .1 Primitive Syntax
» Examples of laik LIKE .1 Primitive Syntax
» Examples of jaslaik LIKE .1 Primitive Syntax
» HCE Candidates Examples of bikaz
» Examples of kaz BECAUSE .1 Primitive syntax
» HCE Candidates IF .1 Primitive Syntax
» Examples of if IF .1 Primitive Syntax
» HCE Examples Examples of dondi’n
» Examples of no NOT .1 Primitive Syntax
» Examples of neva NOT .1 Primitive Syntax
» HCE Candidates Examples of kaen
» Summary CAN .1 Primitive Syntax
» YOU, I, SOMEONE, and PEOPLE SOMETHING and FEEL
» The other mental predicates: THINK, KNOW, SAY, WANT
» Activities and events: DO and HAPPEN Evaluators: GOOD, BAD
» Qualities: BIG, SMALL Intensifier: VERY Temporal: TIMEWHEN, AFTER, and BEFORE
» Locative: PLACEWHERE, UNDER, ABOVE
» PartonomyTaxonomy: PART OF, KIND OF LIKE
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