264 I AM UNDER
SOMEONE IS UNDER SOMETHING IS UNDER
The following patterns were missing in our corpus: YOU ARE UNDER
THIS IS UNDER
5.35 ABOVE 5.35.1 Primitive Syntax
The predicate ABOVE has the following syntax: IYOUd1PERSONPEOPLEd1THINGTHIS] IS ABOVE
MEYOUd1PERSONPEOPLEd1THINGTHIS]
5.35.2 HCE Candidates
The HCE form an tap was the first form that I investigated. It is a basilectal marker par excellent. There are many examples in our corpus, a few of which seem compatible with ABOVE:
ER:802 We get one box, like this, right here. From the pen, you open the door, the cow going run in the box. When the cow run in the box, then you shut the door. The door get da kine weight, eh. You
just push the weight, the door slide down. Then we go on top, we go shoot ’em. By the hole we shoot ’em right over here.
ER:813 Yeah, then you come little bit more the outside, then you come down. Come down by Sol’s them place. All inside there, you can come down. And all inside there, before, all before, no more kiawe
tree. All clear from on top, you see, all clear, no more the kiawe tree. Kiawe tree come later. When I come over here first time, only little bit kiawe tree by the beach. Not too much. Then bumbai, the cattle
eat the kiawe and take the seeds. That’s why most the kiawe come up.
ER:877 But good though, the boss, that luna, I wen work for him two night. but he look the way I work, just like I know all this kind job, like rope kind job, eh, little more same cowboy kind job, eh, any
kind thing, I hook up. He look me from on top, just like I know what I doing, what I work, I know.
MM:335 You know, the first box, they get all the bees inside and the queen is in there, see. The queen. And the main purpose for the excluder is to keep the queen from coming up. If the queen come
up, she is going to lay eggs in all those places, too. You no want the queen lay the eggs because on top is for the honey. So the queen, you like ’em stay all the time down. That’s why you get the excluder. The
queen is little bit bigger than the working bee. So the queen cannot come up here because the screen is made only for the working bee to come up, see.
The overwhelming majority of contexts, however indicate that an tap is closer to SE on: ER:761 Yeah, we go make puka, we blow on the bread, put ’em on top the bread, eh, and put one
more bread, you eat. Because the thing little bit sweet, eh, the condensed milk. You eat ’em with the bread. And like before days, the bread, they no slice like now. They get the whole like that. So you know
behind the end like this, eh. So, you cut ’em maybe about that big, and you hemo the middle and then you blow the cream inside there, then you put back this one inside.
265 ER:769 No more washboard, eh, that time. They get stone. So they hit with the club for make soft
the dirt. They boil the clothes, then they put ’em on the stone, then they whack it, put the water over there, whack, whack, and then they wash ’em on top the stone.
ER:842 By hand, yeah. By hand and they cook the tar, put tar on top when they was making the
road. And so those Japanese, they work hard. They smart how they work the road. You know, they cut the stone only with the hammer and small little stuff. When you look, easy, they make ’em straight,
yeah, all the stone. Just like carpenter. They know the grain of the lumber, how the way lumber run, just like they know the stone, how the grain run.
ER:870 She tell, “More better I take you down their house.” I tell, “Okay, more better.” She tell me, the bus stop right under here, and from about three o’clock something, the bus going come around here,
stop over here. She tell me, either one of them two guys stay on top the bus that kind hour. Stay going come over here, maybe that’s their last run going home. And one of them...
YA:1027 Only thing I know, Mrs. March tell me one story. That was about, I don’t know how old I was, four or five years old, I think. She says, “This morning we going tell you the story about before,
about Abraham Lincoln was president.” She says, “You know, Abraham Lincoln was the president. He rode his horse on top the horseback, go up the mountainside, look where people working. But those
days, the white man no can hire somebody work. They no go tell somebody, ’You come work for me. I pay you so much one month, like that.’ ’They buy the slave. They buy the slave just like you buy one
horse, see? You put ’em in the house, you feed with the rice, the slave got to work for you for your lifetime. And no more pay, and nothing. Only just work, and work for you. That’s why, they called
’slaves.’”
Roughly speaking, I would explicate an tap along the following lines:
123 X IZ AN TAP Y
a. some of X is in the same places as some of Y b. some of X is above some of Y
Another candidate which was considered is ova. Although there were well over 800 examples of ova, only a very few could be considered potential examples of ABOVE:
MT:1174 So far, no. Because it’s a stream like, see. Once in a while, I go in with my tractor and
kind of clean all that. You know, get shrubs growing over. I just clean out the ditch. But it’s very — I did it maybe only one, two times yet, so far.
NC:157 From my house. The house is way down, eh. I think it was around 7 o’clock in the morning and my wife blew the horn. You know what the horn? So, I tell them, “Gee, what’s wrong?” When I
looked down, I stood up from where I was pulling taro and saw all the water going over the river banks, so I knew was tidal wave. But most time, tidal wave just come one or two or three at the most,
see. I never come across tidal wave get 10 waves.
NC:158 And the waves started to recede and then I look and I said, “Hey, we better get away.” So I jumped down the wave. The water was still chest high, a little higher than the chest. Then I tell my wife
to jump and she says, “No, I won’t jump. I can’t swim.” I said, “No, we have to go.” At that time, Takeo came up. The Filipino. He asked if any of us got hurt and I said, “No.” He said, “Where you going now?”
I said, “Oh, we better run. We better go up.” He said, “Wait, I go get my money and my clothing.” I said, “Look down” Another wave was coming over the sand dune. So he follow us. In fact, he went ahead of
us. With one other Filipino, he went ahead. So one Filipino cut short down to Emmalia Young’s house, but we cut upside, the higher place. He said “That house went, just like Kona wind. He said when he
went go to hold that wall, that wall drop off. When he turn around this side, this wall drop off. ...”
NC:183 Don’t pack ’em too much and don’t put ’em too high, so in case the big water come, it goes
over the top part. Don’t let the poles go too high and don’t pack ’em too solid so that in case there are rubbish those thing come hit that thing and knock it off.
266 YA:1032 No, go myself. I get one burlap bag. You know, tie the two ear on the end, eh? Cut the
little puka, you know. Put the rope over. Tie the bag and tie this end, eh? Put ’em over MY shoulder, see? And then, we carry with us. As we catch shrimp, we put ’em inside. Catch fish, any kind, we put ’em
inside there. The shrimps, we no have to. We put ’em inside the basket. Put ’em on the side. But the fish, we gotta put inside, you know. Carry the fish with us.
YA:1046 Before, in the river, you can build your own dike, but not now. Before, we used to build the dike in the riverside. We no need go catch fish. The dike like this, high, eh? We live one place where
the water come over, you know, on the top. We put one big bamboo basket outside the other side, the waterfall. Nighttime, we tie the basket against the rock. And right on the waterfall — down below get
big stones hold up the basket, and the water come, shoot down, and go through the basket. The water no can stay, eh?
YA:1046 Lower, eh. The water go over, see. The following two examples are probably the most plausible examples of ova serving as an allolex of
ABOVE: NC:128 Faster, eh? Then you go plant and then go back come again, plant, go back come again.
You get long place for go one time go down. You jump over the bank, keep on jumping over the bank all the way.
OC:14 You see this school here, they have a mango tree right back of this here. Now the boys been throwing stone class and hid down there. Of course they didn’t see that boys but happened one day I
went out there, you know, the other boy he throw that stone over the mango tree and I follows this boy here and the boy run away from here and the teacher saw me. She reported to Mrs. Fraser but she didn’t
see the other boy, you see, but I didn’t throw the stone, the other fellow throw the stone. But she reported so they call me in after recess and they get a ruler. She said, “My boy, I hate to touch you with
anything and I know how you are and very, very....”
Throwing a stone ova a mango tree certainly implies the stone was ABOVE the mango tree. Consider, however the following sentence:
YA:1026 Yeah, go on the side of the beach. On the ocean side, get one small beach, eh? The horse can go only, see? After that, they started making one road. Before, no more road, see? Bumbai, when we
moved down to Kahaluu, oh, they get. They build one horse buggy road. They use a four-wheel wagon, just like in the Mainland they call it “stagecoach.” Four wheel with the four horses pull, eh? Pull the
load. Go all the way up, that. Then they make the road climb up the mountain, go over the Pali, eh? Go the other side, downtown. That’s how they get horse and buggy.
If one goes ova the Pali, it does not imply that one went ABOVE the Pali. I conclude therefore, that ova should not be considered an allolex of ABOVE.
5.35.3 Examples of abav
