294 W 1996:138 suggests that the following might also be a universal valence for BECAUSE:
BECAUSE OF MEYOUd1SOMEONE, CLAUSE
5.39.2 HCE Candidates
The two primary candidates are bikaz and kaz. There are two possible portmanteau forms for the combination BECAUSE OF THIS: aezwai and so.
5.39.3 Examples of bikaz
5.39.3.1 bikaz OF SOMEONE There are several near-canonical examples of bikaz occuring with SOMEONE:
BB:016 Yea, the cable bring ’em up. I used to work over there. I used to be the flag man over there.
Because this guy – you know [name deleted]? [name deleted]?
EB:1140 Well, because of one of my lolo friend. JB:69 Oh, because of my father and mother, when they drink, no. That’s the only rough part that
we have, when they start drinking. And when they don’t care for the children. This last example however is probably the most convincing one, because the entire consequent
clause is included in the same utterance. SU:1544 That’s why, I never used to get shortage of anything, see. Like pork, steak, hot dog, butter,
egg, ham. I used to supply some of them to KC Drive Inn. You know where the KC Drive Inn used to be? Well, he and I used to exchange. He doesn’t sell meat too much, steak too much. But me, I sell lot of
steak before because of the defense workers, eh? I used to give him hot dog, hamburger. That’s his business, eh? But I used to take his ham and steak. Exchange with him.
5.39.3.2 Clause bikaz Clause There are numerous canonical examples of bikas conjoining two clauses:
AK:603 Well, he just sit around, that’s all. Once in awhile, go look around the patches like that.
When we work, we get three meals a day. We get paid 1.60 a day because we have three meals. Saturdays, you don’t work though, you get three meals. Sunday, you don’t work, you have three meals.
AK:604 Yeah, you get poi. You can have poi, all the poi you want. If you want to take home, you
just tell them what. But majority, we don’t take poi because everybody have their own poi at home. We don’t take poi home. Sometime we take, sometime we don’t. But you can have poi, you can have all the
poi you want.
BB:029 He help them, the kin’ pig but.... He know who wen steal ’em, because he wen teach ’em
which one is the good watch. Now the good ones all gone. So, he know who he wen teach, eh. He know but no more the evidence, eh? He never catch ’em ’a’s why.
BB:030 Yea, he had car. Over there get — from Waipio come the big ditch, eh? Over there get one
ditch – they stay make with wood because get a bridge over there. They no can make with cement. It’s wooden bridge where the water pass, on top there.
EB:1132 Oh, she’s babysit now. Because she get three children. And the husband is a farmer. Plant
rice, corn, whatever.
EB:1145 Yeah, lately, they come. But that kind place, come and go. Because they no like da kine
job. Small pay, too, eh? Maybe. I don’t know. That’s why, I told you, I’m only the sucker. Stay there long time. Portuguese, Japanese come. Or Hawaiian. Yeah.
295 ER:764 I ride bike because my place too far, eh, for go. Then I bring home the fish. I give my
father. I never ride horse because slow, eh, the horse. Bicycle more better. And bicycle those days, yeah, us kid, we can hang on the car. You know, the car stay pass like over there. No more sports car, eh. The
car pass, yeah, we chase the car, then we hold ’em behind, and stay by the side. The car pull you go.
ER:849 No. We no can grumble because we had nowhere for go. We gotta stay on the job. We no
more job and we like cowboy job, eh. You never hear nobody grumble about the late hour. Maybe they grumble among themselves, with everybody, maybe we grumble, but I forget. We go, how come we get
like that. But the boss he come maybe smart. Sometime we come home quick, he give us pau hana. He tell us pau hana.
FD:284 Not that I know of. Our taro always moving. And we used to get outsiders, people they
come, and then they want to buy so much. And we just pull for them because the taro is so easy to pull. FD:284 Well, those days we had no choice because the rice was cheap, the taro was cheap,
everything was cheap. And we get everything we can think of. The taro was like that too. That’s why rice, we didn’t have to buy. We used to work for the Chinese, who used to have rice field. Chun folks,
they used to have. We used to go work for them. Those days, you know, Waipio was, we never care for food at that time.
GF:303 Chinese people. Old Chinese people from China. They all people from China work down
there. Some Filipinos from Philippine Islands too. They quit the plantations because down there they cannot find food cheap.
GF:324 They speak at the school house. But I very seldom go because they only bag of wind. JB:67 Now, supposing the other fellow is Ilokano and he says the Ilokano dialect. My father
couldn’t speak the Ilokano dialect because it’s kind of hard for him. The only one that he knows is the Visayan language. That’s the reason why he got to speak only Visayan with the Ilokano fellow. Whoever
the Ilokano fellow may be.
KK:123 Acta, das how people call her acts, because she was in love wit two. LE:140 an den dey neva see da hook man because ca hook man wen go on top da roof,
MM:325 Yeah, charge. Everything is charge because the fella who come with that, that’s their
business. They living on that.
MM:340 Yeah, yeah, yeah. A fella. The fella who take care the furo. They get a job, too, because
they gotta take care the firewood, eh? They supposed to get lot of firewood all the time. So, that’s not too easy, too.
MT:1174 Actually, take notice in the valley; everybody’s raising apii. That’s white taro. Certain
people, like Samoans like white taro because they like to eat the taro by itself. When you come to poi, now, you have to have a color, to me. So I went into the red. So if you don’t have red, you have that
darkish, pinkish, or whatever color you call that. So I went into that. So that’s why my place is all with red now.
MT:1196 I do part-time work for people who want, but it’s not like before. Because people, as I
say, is giving up farming. They not improving their place, they not doing anything, they just letting the land idle. So, what I’m doing right now is only opening land for people who trying to raise prawns.
That’s about all.
MY:1458 Ewaliko. Asuka. Already they moved from Paoakalani because the place was all taken
over. MY:1471 I don’t know if this was the Daisy or not, but there was one elephant. But maybe the first
one, I think, they killed because she wen injure somebody, you know, one time.
NC:126 Yeah, you make sure you don’t bend the root part. Otherwise he die. So you catch like that and you poke ’em down with your two fingers go down, because the thing is soft. Your two fingers go
down the thing then you bring your finger up and the rice stay because the dirt is going to close up. You don’t plant it too deep, not more than one inch, less than an inch down.
NC:180 Tractor. We have to hire tractor those days, the kine, from Andrade. I don’t have my own tractor. Like nowadays, I get, but we cannot, uh, our tractor too small. We cannot grade land with it.
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Ours is just for leveling and tilling and that’s all what we need for now because the patch is already made.
NK:940 Yeah. Uh huh. They most down the beach. They live down there all the time because they
no more coffee land ma uka. Only they go ma uka when the people need them pick coffee. They go up, pick coffee for somebody else like that. Only people who have their own coffee land, they stay ma uka.
And then, when they like go fishing, they go ma kai. Down the beach. Us, we have place down the beach, so we stay down the beach.
NK:950 When people come in, like that, only her there because all the other people, they go out;
they do this; they do that; and then, not time. When this people come and when the king sit down and talk with the other people, they drink. So, she entertain them. She oli and she chant at the same time.
Sometime, she only oli. Oli in Hawaiian, ooh, the.... Too bad we never learn. Anyway, our sisters, not interested.
OC:6 When it come to the newspaper, to auction certain place where, you know, how big a area
and all that’s in there, why, plenty people wanted to buy it because it’s auction property.
OC:7 He said, “Well, anybody else want to bid over that?” Oh everybody want to kill On Char
because he want to bid too much.
SU:1525 Yeah. You know, the cane field, eh? Well, how much can we do? But just kill the time, we go down there. And then when it come to lunch hour, there’s no such thing, half an hour. We go place
where they get some guava, we go down there pick up guava. Place where they get, what they call, you know the mountain poha, eh? Maybe one hour. The boss doesn’t say anything to us because he knows it,
eh? But he told us, he said, “Make sure the big boss no catch you.” That’s what I did.
SU:1550 No problem at all. Those days, you don’t have no watchmen. You know, like now, everybody get one watchman, bouncer, eh? Those days, no more. But after business start to go good,
then you have to get the watchman because the soldier and civilian fight, eh? So, you have to get bouncer.
TA:42 Well, I couldn’t say exactly. At least he made the taro farmer little smart. Because, about my father and the co-op and all the stuff, Harrison know more than me because Harrison used to go with
him all the time. Used to travel to Oahu, Kauai, with my old man. My old man take him because my old man wouldn’t understand too much English, eh? He can understand what they talking, but.
TA:47 See, when you plant, only get little bit water go in because the huli would drown if you put
too much water. The water would be over the huli. So when he get about two, three leaves, then you start putting water. Then till about eight months or so. Then you start gradually stopping the water.
WK:718 In a certain month of the year, you have to plant; for instance, we take in June, the month of June. June, July, August, you have to plant it little closer; we say about one foot space. Little close
because the reason why is there’s no keiki, no baby that come out, the eye. They don’t shoot up too much. Very few keikis, very few babies. Like May, June, July, August, September. Then we come to
October, November, December, January, February, March; have a lot of babies. Then, the space you have to get ’em little wide, little wider. We say about 16 inches apart, the huli. You get one here, you get
about 16 inch apart. That’s how, that’s what my uncle taught me. Because the reason why they plant it little wider space is because there’s a lot of baby coming up from the mother, and then they need to get
bigger, they have to get bigger. If you get ’em too close, they won’t get bigger because they all crowded together, and it won’t, you won’t get the taro too big.
YA:1048 Classified labor, that’s a higher pay labor, see. That’s what Mr. Cooper–he’s the manager
of the labor board–he tell me that, see. “They cannot give you no job as any other job because we have machinist union here.” Those days, they have machinist union. Come from the Mainland. So, they not
allow anybody work on the machine shop to run the machine. Only the union, machinist union, can run, see?
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5.39.4 Examples of kaz
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