organization of contentmaterials, preparation before student learning, emotion, participation, feedback, reinforcement, practice and repetition,
and also implementation. On the other hand, Arsyad mentioned several factors that need to be considered such as resistances facilities, funding,
and so on; content requirements, tasks, and the type of learning; the student’s resistances; and also other considerations that associated with
effectiveness, capability, and media priority compared to other media. Heinich 1982 in Azhar Arsyad 2011: 67 suggested a step to
selecting media that is more practical refers to media development, with the terms: Analyze learner characteristics, State objective, Select or
modify media, Utilitize, Require learner response, and Evaluate ASSURE. This step is almost similar to the steps by Anderson 1987:
19 in selection of media, includes: 1
Determining whether media will be selected for information objective or learning;
2 Determining how message will be transmitted. Whether media will
become instructor tools or media will enable for independent learning without the presence of an instructor;
3 Choosing media based on selection diagram considering characteristic
of subjects; 4
Reviewing selected media; 5
Doing development testing.
g. Computer Based Learning Media
According to Rusman, et al 2012: 97 computer based learning is learning program using computer software. Computer systems can deliver
learning individually and directly to the students by interacting with subjects that are progammed into computer system, it is called computer based
learning. Computer based learning is presentation of learning materials and the expertise or skills in small units, so students can easily learned and
understood. Computer based learning is learning that puts computer as an individualized learning system, where students can directly interact with the
computer system that is intentionally designed or utilized by teachers. The same definition stated by Slavin in Dina Indriana 2011: 101,
computer based learning refers to various individual learning set by computer. In addition, computers are used to expand learning experience in
one class but different subjects. This method can be used to teach new skills, or to help students who have difficulty in learning and also improve the
subjects that have been studied. Dina Indriana 2011: 99 said that learning media based computer is
continuous efforts to maximize learning activities as cognitive interaction among students, subject materials, and the instructor in this case the
computer that has been programmed. Computer systems can deliver learning directly to the students through interacting with subjects that are programmed
into the system and this is called computer based learning.
3. Educative Game
a. Definition of Game
Game in English word meaning a play or match, or be interpreted as a structured activity that is usually perfomed for fun. According to
Anggra 2008: 6 games is something that can be played by certain rules so there are winners and losers, and usually the purpose is refreshing.
While Arief Sadiman 2009:75 stated that “….Perm
ainan game adalah setiap kontes antara para pemain yang berinteraksi satu sama lain
dengan mengikuti aturan-aturan tertentu untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu
pula”. Based on experts’s opininion above, can conclude that game is activity that has set of rules, challenges and strategies that should be done
by players to achieve game objectives. According to Sugihartono 2007:3 “
pendidikan berasal dari kata didik, atau mendidik yang berarti memelihara dan membentuk latihan
”. Meanwhile, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia 1991 education is
defined as process of attitudes and behavior changing of a person or group in an effort to mature the human being through teaching and
training. Education is learning process that is obtained by every human being, in this case is the students, the objective is to make students
understand, know and be able to think more critically. Education can be formulated as a guide for human growth from birth until they reach
physical and spiritual maturity, the interaction of nature and society. Based on the description above, it can be concluded that education is a
consciously and continuously effort conducted by government, families, and society for objective to changing an individual becomes focused and
better, in all aspects of life. Educative game is game designed or made to stimulate the intellect,
including increasing concentration and problem solving Handriyantini, 2009. Educative game is one of media type used to deliver instruction,
increasing users’s knowledge through a unique and exciting media. Based on description above, it can be concluded that educative game is one of
games that can be useful to support teaching and learning process be more fun and be more creative, and used to give instruction or increasing
users’s knowledge through an exciting media.
b. Types of Game
Henry 2010: 111 divided game into several types are as follows: 1
Maze game This type of game is the earliest game type appears. This game is
using maze related hallways in its operations. This game’s examples
are Pacman and Digger. 2
Board game This game type is equal to traditional board games such as
Monopoly but this game only played on computer. This game more emphasis to the ability of computer as rival player and need the ability
