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1. Research and information gathering
In this step, the researcher applied the identification of learners’ characteristic
and the considering goals, topic and purposes steps from Kemp’s model under the research and information gathering step from RD. The researcher
identified the learners’ characteristic by conducting interview with the English teacher who was responsible in facilitating the learning activities and also by
distributing questionnaires to the students to find out their capabilities, needs and interests. Those procedures are commonly known as needs analysis process. This
process was enriched by the theories that have been collected to support the study such as the theory of learners’ characteristics and also the theory of instructional
design.
2. Preliminary product developing
In this step, the researcher applied the specifying the learning objectives step and the listing topic and subject content step from Kemp’s model under the
preliminary product developing step from RD. Within this step, the researcher tried to formulate specific purposes which were derived from the broad goals and the
result of needs analysis. After stating the learning objectives, the researcher made lists of topic or the subject content based on the identified learning objectives.
Furthermore, the researcher also developed the pre-design materials by applying the findings from the needs analysis and also by applying salient principles
of related theories which supported the study such as: the theory of storytelling, learning activities and speaking skill. In addition, the support services step from
40 Kemp’s model was also applied in this step. The researcher made some calculation
on budget as well as facilities and available equipment to support the designed product as well as the time management to conduct the study. This is important since
the availability of those support services helped the designer conduct study in schedule.
3. Preliminary testing
In this step, the researcher applied the pre-assessment step from Kemp’s model under the preliminary testing step from RD. In this step, the researcher
conducted pretesting of the designed product. The pretest of the product was carried out by having the experts to evaluate the products.
4. Product revision
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