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3. Subject Content
Subject content is the appropriate topics which are being chosen to facilitate the learning. According to the research procedure, making list of subject content was
done in the stage of preliminary product developing. Listing subject content should be based on the purpose of the design and the related theories. Here, the researcher
stated some topics to develop using the knowledge and theories of storytelling. The storytelling theories were chosen for a reason. The storytelling skill theories were
applied as the main frame work for the learning activities. The learning process was going to be conveyed through storytelling activities, therefore the topics chosen
should be derived from storytelling skill. As previously mentioned in Chapter II, there are some aspects on how to be a
good storyteller and some elements of good stories proposed by Mallan in a book titled Storytelling with Children 1991. In a glance, here are the aspects on how to
be a good storyteller: good quality of voice, expressive face, good eye contact, gesture, familiarity with the story and posture. While in a good story to tell, there are
some basic elements: quick beginning, straightforward action, and definite climax, limited number of characters, repetitive pattern, satisfying conclusion and different
versions. From the information and theories provided by Mallan, the researcher chose
seven units to design, they are: 1 basic knowledge of storytelling skill, 2 expression practice, 3 knowing and practicing speaking skill components, 4
describing characters inside the story, 5 sequential action inside the story, and 6 7creative storytelling. Each topic spent one meeting of storytelling club which lasted
62 for 90-120 minutes. To obtain clearer idea on the topics, further discussion is
presented below for each topic. The first topic was basic knowledge of storytelling skill. This topic is a kind
of introduction to the storytelling skill. The learners were introduced to some basic knowledge and suggestion in practicing storytelling skill. This activity also helped all
learners and the facilitator to have the same perspective on storytelling skill. To provide real context of learning, there was also practices to apply the knowledge that
learners got at that day. The second topic was expression. Expression is one of important aspects in
storytelling skill. As mentioned in Chapter II, expression of the storyteller brings mood and strong characters in the story. The expression discussed in this topic
covered the area of facial expression which is often called mimic and also the expression of our body and hand movement which are known as gesture. It was
good for the learners to see some examples of how to maintain mimic and gesture before they practiced it.
The third topic was knowing and practicing speaking skill components. Within this unit the learners were going to identify some aspects in speaking skill
like fluency and accuracy. It was important for them to know the components of speaking skill since the goal of the design was to enhance students’ English speaking
skill. Besides identifying the components, the more important activity like speaking practice was needed to conduct.
The fourth topic was describing characters inside the story. It is important for storytellers to describe the characters inside the story they are telling to audiences. In
63 this unit, the learners identified some vocabularies used to describe characters.
Moreover, the learners also needed to practice on how to describe characters inside their story.
The fifth topic was sequential actions. It is important for the learners to know the sequential actions since there will be many events happen in a story. In order to
link the actions, the learners have to practice on how to deal with sequential actions. Within this unit, the learners were expected to apply time sequence to enable smooth
transitions among the events which occur in the story. In addition to identifying the time sequence, the learners also had chances to make use of the time sequence in real
practice. The sixth topic was creative storytelling. It is important for storytellers to tell
a creative story which no one has ever heard before. The key for success in creating creative stories is imagination. In this unit, the learners were asked to create a story
using various and random pictures. The seventh topic was the same as the topic in the sixth unit. It was also about
creative storytelling. It is important for the storyteller to provide surprising events in the story. In this unit, the learners were asked to create, continue and develop story
which was previously started by their friend. The learners were also expected to express their idea freely.
Besides the seven topics discussed in the previous paragraphs, the researcher also conducted pre-test, post-test and reflection. Each of them spent one meeting of
storytelling club. The basic consideration for choosing these three activities to be included in the design was the importance of knowing how big the improvement of
64 each learner had made after joining all the activities in the storytelling club.
Although the researcher did not conduct them in the main field testing, these three activities might be helpful for the storytelling club that would experience all the
units. Considering the limited meeting to conduct the learning activities within one
semester, the schedule to conduct the subject content is drawn in table 4.3. the subject content was put in particular order which started from the first topic up to the
last topic.
Table 4.3 Subject Content of the design Meeting
Topic
1 Pre-test 2
Basic of storytelling 3
Mimic and gestures 4
Components of speaking skill 5
Describing characters inside the story 6
Applying time sequence in storytelling 7
Creating stories using various and random pictures 8
Develop and continue others’ stories 9 Post-test
10 Reflection and evaluation
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4. Storytelling learning activities
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