Culture a. Definitions of Culture

3 Forms of entertainment, amusement or diversion includes public performance or shows, it also encompasses hospitality provided, such as dinners, parties, business, lunch, etc. 4 Means of transformation, the facilities used for the movement of people and goods from one place to another. The term is derived from the Latin trans meaning across and portare meaning to carry, such facilities are associated with specific cultures. 5 Fictional character, a person in novel, play, or a film that is related to fiction works of imagination. 6 Legal system, rules of conduct inherent in human nature and essential to or binding upon human society. 7 Local institution, an organization that helps or serves people in certain area – health, education, work, political, administrative, religious, artistic. 8 Measuring system, units used in determination of the size, height, weight, speed, length, etc. of something in different cultures. 9 Food drinks, any solid or liquid substance that is used by human beings as a source of nourishment. 10 Scholastic reference, related to school or studying. 11 Religious celebration, to do something special to mark a religious occasion. 12 Dialect, user-related variation which determine speaker s status as regards to social class, age, sex, education, etc.

3. Foreignization and Domestication a. Definitions of Foreignization and Domestication

Schleiemacher in Venuti 1995:20 states that there are two options for a translator to choose either leaves the author in peace as much as possible and moves the reader toward him; or leaves the reader in peace as much as possible and moves the author toward him. Schleiemacher lets a translator to apply between a domesticating strategy, an ethnocentric reduction of the foreign text to target-language cultural values, bring the author back home, or a foreignizing sttrategy, an ethnodevian pressure on those cultural values to register the linguistic and cultural difference of the foreign text, sending the reader abroad Venuti, 1995:20. In his book The Translator ͛s Invisibility: A History of Translation 1995, Venutti describes foreignization and domestication as two different strategies. He 1995:20 states that foreignization signifies the difference of the foreign text, yet only by disrupting the cultural codes that prevail in the target language. Foreignization strategy retains the meaning of cultural items in the SL. As the opposition of foreignization strategy, domestication strategy is an ethnocentric reduction of the foreign text to target language cultural values, bringing the author back home Venuti, 1995:20. It makes translation products domesticated in the TL. The translator replaces cultural terms in the SL into different terms in the TL which have similar meaning, so that the cultural terms are easy to understand by the TL readers.