deletion, and synonymy. The finding of the study shows that foreignization prevails in all three TTs.
The second relevant study is entitled Foreignization and Domestication of Indonesian Cultural Terms in Pramoedya Ananta Toer
͛s Anak Semua Bangsa as Represented in Max Lane
͛s Child of All Nations by Isneni Nursiah 2014. She describes the Indonesian cultural terms in Pramoedya Ananta Toer s Anak Semua
Bangsa and Max Lane s Child of All Nations, the foreignization and domestication categories used in Pramoedya Ananta Toer s Anak Semua Bangsa
and Max Lane s Child of All Nations, and the degree of meaning equivalence in the Indonesian cultural terms between Pramoedya Ananta Toer s Anak Semua
Bangsa and Max Lane s Child of All Nations. Both studies focus on analyzing foreignization and domestication used in
translating culturally-bound expressions. It also gives the researcher a lot of understanding of foreignization and domestication in cultural terms that is useful
for the researcher to accomplish the goal of this research.
C. Conceptual Framework
This study adapts the theory of translation from Jakobson 1959:234 which states that there are three types of translation i.e. intralingual translation,
interlingual translation, and intersemiotic translation. Intralingual translation is translation of verbal signs in the same language. Then, interlingual translation
means the translation of verbal signs into different languages. Meanwhile,
intersemiotic translation is the translation of verbal signs into non-verbal signs symbols and vice versa.
Basically, the concept of interlingual translation is applied in this study, which has two major branches; bilingual translation and multilingual translation.
Bilingual translation involves two different languages. Multilingual translation involves more than two different languages. Since there are two different
languages are analyzed, Bahasa Indonesia and English, it is categorized into bilingual translation. This study analyzes the Bahasa Indonesia novel entitled
Rumah Kaca by Pramoedya Ananta Toer and its English translation House of Glass by Max Lane.
This research is aimed at describing the culturally bound-expressions in terms of their cultural categories, foreignization and domestication strategies in
translating the culturally-bound expressions, and meaning equivalence in the English translation of Pramoedya Ananta Toer s Rumah Kaca. Firstly the Bahasa
Indonesia text is identified to find the culturally-bound expressions. Then the English translation text is analyzed to find their translation. The findings are
considered as the research data. After that, the data are recorded in the table of analysis. Then the data are compared and analyzed in term of the kind of
culturally-bound expressions, foreignization and domestication strategies, and meaning equivalence.
1. Culturally Bound Expressions Adopted in this Study
The researcher adopts the theory of culturally-bound expressions by Newmark. Following are the categories of culturally-bound expressions.
a. Ecology
Ecology includes ecological and geographical features such as flora, fauna, winds, plain, and hills. These ecological and geographical features are different
between countries. For example, many words with strong elements of local color, such as local words for plains; sawah
͛, prairies͛, ͚steppes͛, ͚tundras͛, ͚pampas͛, ͚savannahs͛, ͚ilanos͛, ͚bush͛, ͚veld .
b. Material Culture
Problem involving material culture is more complex than ecological features. Material culture consists of many kind of food, clothes, houses and
towns, transportations, etc Newmark, 1988:97-98. The examples of this material culture that cannot be translated are wheat and delman
͛. In many places in the new world wheat is unknown Nida, 1975:70. Furthermore delman
͛ is a traditional transportation in Indonesia which of course others countries do not
have its equivalence form.
c. Social Culture
Social culture consists of two things, work and leisure Newmark, 1988:98. Social culture is a culture possessed by a particular society which is
different from another society. For example, the word kusir ͛ in Bahasa Indonesia
is translated into driver ͛ in English. Another example is the word lurah͛, it is
often translated into chief village .
d. Social Organizations
Social organizations include political, administrative, religious, artistic, historical terms. For example, the terms pedukuhan
͛ in Bahasa Indonesia, it is a
