problem to translate it into English since it is an unknown concept in the target language.
e. Gestures and Habits
As mentioned before, another problem faced by some translators is cultural word related to gestures and habits. It is described as symbolic actions of
a country that have function and meaning to express ideas or feelings. For example, in Bahasa Indonesia, the term bersila , is a gesture of Indonesian
people, which is done by sitting with both legs crossed each other. It is often translated into cross-legged .
2. Foreignization and Domestication Strategies Adopted in this Study
As stated before, culturally bound expressions are difficult to be translated because of the unknown concept of the source language in the target language. In
this study, the researcher adopted foreignization and domestication strategies proposed by Jan Pedersen. There are three foreignization strategies and four
domestication strategies.
a. Foreignization Strategies 1 Retention
Retention has the same concept of borrowing. It allows the element from the SL to enter the TL. This strategy can be spotted by the presence of some
symbols like quotation marks and italics. Following is the example of retention in Rumah Kaca:
ST: Kulit agak langsat, kumis terpelihara baik, hitam lebat dan terpilin
meruncing ke atas pada ujung-ujungnya. RK.P11.L16
TT: He had smooth creamy skin like the langsat fruit and a well-kept
mustache, very thick and black and twirled up sharply at each end. HG.P7.L12
2 Addition
In this strategy, the translator adds some extra information in the TT and makes the target cultural terms more specific than the cultural terms in the
ST. Following is the example of addition in Rumah Kaca: ST: Tapi aku duga, Pitung modern, dialah dalang Marko. RK.P316.L24
TT: But, Modern Pitung, I think it is Sandiman who is Markos dalang.
HG.P175.L26
Glossary : The puppet master who recites the stories and manipulates the
puppets at wayang shows. HG.P361.L12
3 Direct Translation
In this strategy the semantic load of the cultural term is unchanged, nothing is added or subtracted. Furthermore, below is the example of direct
translation: ST: Pengadilan putih terpaksa diadakan oleh kegigihannya. RK.P36.L27
TT: His resolute struggle meant the matter was dealt with by the White Court
. HG.P21.L26
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