B. Data and Data Sources
The sources of the data are the novel Rumah Kaca by Pramoedya Ananta Toer and its English translation House of Glass translated by Max Lane. Rumah
Kaca was first published in 1988 by Hasta Mitra publisher. However, the researcher used the novel which is published by Lentera Dipantara publisher in
2006. The novel consists of 14 chapters in 646 pages. Meanwhile, the English translation which is entitled House of Glass was published in 1996 by Penguin
Books. It contains 14 chapters in 365 pages. This novel was first published in 1992 by Penguin Books Australia Ltd.
In this study, the data were the culturally-bound expressions found in Pramoedya Ananta Toer
’s Rumah Kaca and their translated expressions in Max Lane
’s House of Glass. The unit of data was in the form of words, phrases, and clauses. The expressions which are repeatedly mentioned with the same meaning
in TT were only taken one time. However, it was relisted when the expressions have different meaning.
C. Instruments of the Research
According to Moleong 2014:168 the researcher plays an important role, so, the main instrument of the research is the researcher himself as the planner, the
data collector, the data analyst, and the reporter of the result. The second instrument is the table of analysis which is used to record and classify the data.
Following is the example of the table of analysis
Table 1. Table of Analysis
N o
Code Culturally-Bound
Expressions in Text I and Their Translated
Expressions in Text II
Cultural Categories Translation Strategies
Meaning Equivalence
Foreigniza tion
Domestication E
c M
c S
c S
o G
h R
e A
d D
t G
e C
s P
a O
m F
e P
e D
m N
m 1
2
D. Techniques of Data Collection
The techniques of data collection of this research will be reading and note-taking. The researcher read the novels to find the phenomena of the research
which is the data that contains culturally-bound expression. In collecting the data, the researcher encoded the data to make the analysis of each datum easier. Then,
the researcher classified the data in the table of analysis. Below are the data classification and data encoding used by the researcher.
1. The Classification of cultural categories Ec : Ecology
Mc : Material Culture Sc : Social Culture
So : Organizations, Customs, Ideas Gh : Gestures and Habits
2. The Classification of foreignization and domestication categories a. Foreignization
Re : Retention Ad : Addition
Dt :Direct Translation b. Domestication
Ge : Generalization Cs : Cultural Substitution
Pa : Paraphrase Om : Omission
3. The Classification of cultural meaning equivalence Fe : Fully Equivalent Meaning
Pe : Partly Equivalent Meaning Dm : Different Meaning
Nm : No Meaning 4. The data encoding can be explained as follows:
a. Data code in appendixes Example:
RK.P1.L16 - Rumah Kaca; page 1; line 16
HG.P13.L13 - House of Glass; page 13; line 13
b. Data code in the chapter IV Example:
D1RK.P1.L16HG.P13.L13Sc.Re.Pe D1
: Data Number 1 RK.P1.L16
: Rumah Kaca; page 1; line 16 HG.P13.L13
: House of Glass; page 13; line 13 Sc
: Social Culture Re
: Retention Pe
: Partly Equivalent Meaning
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