Focus of The Research

On the other hand, McGuire 1980:2 describes that translation is related to two things, meaning and structure. He then describes that translation involves the rendering of a source language text into the target language so as to ensure that 1 the surface meaning of the two will be approximately similar and 2 the structure of the source language will be preserved as closely as possible, but not so closely that the target language structure will be seriously distorted. Related to the use of translation theory, Newmark 1988:19 stresses that translation theory attempts to give same insight into the relation between thought, meaning, and language; understand the universal, cultural, and individual aspects of language and behavior, the understanding of cultures; and then the interpretation of texts that may be classified and supplemented by way of translation. According to Moentaha 2006:11, translation is a text replacement process from the source language into the text in the target language without changing the science language s text level. Moentaha also explains that text level has to be understood extensively. It is not only about meaning but also all information which exists in the source language such as culture and norm. From the definitions stated by some experts above, it can be concluded that translation is a process which is aimed to find meaning equivalence in the target text by considering not only the meaning but also the style, form, culture, and norm in both languages.

b. Types of Translation

Jakobson 1959: 234 distinguishes translation into three categories, they are: 1 Intralingual translation. It is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language. 2 Interlingual translation. It is defined as an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some of other language. It consists of the bilingual translation and multilingual translation. Bilingual translation is the translation that involves two languages, for example, the translation from English into Indonesia. While, multilingual translation involves more than two languages. 3 Intersemiotic translation. It is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of nonverbal signs systems. Larson 1984:15 divides two types of translation, literal and idiomatic translation. Literal translation is the form-based translation that attempts to follow the form of the source language. The idiomatic translation is the meaning-based translation that tries to communicate the meaning of source language text in the natural forms of the receptor language. Catford 1965:21-25 divides translation into three different categories. Those are: 1 In terms of extent. a Full translation, it is a type of translation in which the entire SL text is reproduced by the TL text materials.