Culturally-Bound Expressions Theoretical Review 1. Translation

3. Foreignization and Domestication a. Definitions of Foreignization and Domestication

Schleiemacher in Venuti 1995:20 states that there are two options for a translator to choose either leaves the author in peace as much as possible and moves the reader toward him; or leaves the reader in peace as much as possible and moves the author toward him. Schleiemacher lets a translator to apply between a domesticating strategy, an ethnocentric reduction of the foreign text to target-language cultural values, bring the author back home, or a foreignizing sttrategy, an ethnodevian pressure on those cultural values to register the linguistic and cultural difference of the foreign text, sending the reader abroad Venuti, 1995:20. In his book The Translator ͛s Invisibility: A History of Translation 1995, Venutti describes foreignization and domestication as two different strategies. He 1995:20 states that foreignization signifies the difference of the foreign text, yet only by disrupting the cultural codes that prevail in the target language. Foreignization strategy retains the meaning of cultural items in the SL. As the opposition of foreignization strategy, domestication strategy is an ethnocentric reduction of the foreign text to target language cultural values, bringing the author back home Venuti, 1995:20. It makes translation products domesticated in the TL. The translator replaces cultural terms in the SL into different terms in the TL which have similar meaning, so that the cultural terms are easy to understand by the TL readers.

b. Categories of Foregnization and Domestication

Pederson 2005:3- 9 employs the word ‘rendering’ instead of ‘translating’ and also the term Extralinguistic Culture-bound Reference ECR instead of Culture Specific Item CSI. Based on Pederson’s statement, strategies for rendering extralinguistic CSIs are distinguished into source language oriented foreignization and target language oriented domestication. 1 Source language oriented a Retention Pedersen states that retention is the most SL-oriented strategy. It is because the CSI of the SL is allowed to enter the TT. In some cases the CSI is distinguished from other parts by the employment of some symbols like quotation marks and italics. b Specification The translator adds some extra information in the target text and makes the target CSI more specific than the CSI in the ST. Specification consists of two subgroups, explicitation and addition. Explicitation involves the expansion of the text or spelling out anything that is implicit in ST, and addition adds material that is not obvious in the ST as part of the sense or connotations of the term. c Direct translation In this technique the semantic load of cultural specific item of the ST doesnt change and nothing is added, or subtracted.