Review of The Related Studies

President William “Bill” Jefferson Clinton’s Apology Speeches I Misled And I Have Sinned ”. She used Searle’s theory of Speech Acts as the basis of the analysis of the study. She analyzed the types of speech acts and classical rhetoric in the speeches. The study revealed the second speech was more effective and convincing rather than the first speech which was still full of emotion of embarrassment and anger. Another similar research is the research conducted by Retno Rahma Safitri, a Sarjana Pendidikan degree student of English Education Department of State University of Yogyakarta, in 2014 entitled “Pragmatics Analysis on Speech Acts and The Arrangements of Classical Rhetoric in Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s Pearl Harbor“. She analyzed the types of speech acts and the arrangements of classical rhetoric in the speech. The study revealed the speech which lasted only for 7 minutes was very effective. This speech was even effective to trigger the World War II. The researches about a pragmatic analysis above are similar to this research because they also analyzed the pragmatics especially speech acts and the arrangement of classical rhetoric. However, what makes this research different with those studies is about the speaker who gave the speech. In Annisa and Retno’s research, the speeches were popular mostly because they were spoken by the president of the USA at that time. Meanwhile, in this research the speech was popular simply because of the language that was used by the speaker. The speaker was not American but British and she neither belonged to any political positions nor involved in any political actions. However, her speech can trigger many influences. One of them was creating the wake-up calls from the international society.

D. Conceptual Framework and Analytical Construct

Based on the explanation in the literature review, this study was conducted to classify a speech delivered by Emma Watson in the UN General Assembly entitled HeForShe. The researcher started with figuring out the speaker’s meaning that could be portrayed through context situation and language use. In the context of the speech, this study dealt with context situation and context of socio-cultural. In the language part, this research dealt with the data in the form of classical rhetoric. The classical rhetoric has five canons that are important in organizing a speech. They are invention, arrangement, memory, style, and delivery. However, this study analyzed further in the arrangement part which are the introduction, statement of facts, division, proof, refutation, and conclusion. The speech was also analyzed further to the scopes of pragmatics which is the speech acts part, which consists of locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary. In the locutionary acts, the factors that influence the speech can be like word choice, functional grammar, and sentence structure and many more. In the illocutionary acts, the researcher broke down the acts based on Searle’s classification. The illocutionary acts are divided into the basis of the spea ker’s intention in the idea of declaration, representative, commisive, directive, and expressive. Based on the conceptual framework, the analytical construct of this study is illustrated in Figure 2: Speaker Meaning Emma Watson’s HeForShe Speech Context Context of Situation Context of Socio-Cultural Language – Classical Rhetoric Pragmatic Analysis Deixis Cooperative Principles Perlocutionary acts Speech Acts Implicature Presupposition Locutionary acts Illocutionary acts Searle Classification Representatives Directives Comissives Expressives Declarations Invention Arrangement Memory Style Delivery Introduction Statements of facts Division Proof Refutation Conclusion Figure 2. The Analytical Construct of The Analysis in Emma Watson’s HeForShe