f. Instrumentalities I
Instrumentalities refer to the choice of channel of how the utterance is created such as oral, written or telegraphic and how
the actual forms of utterance employed such as the language, dialect, and so forth.
g. Norms of interaction and interpretation N
Norms of interaction and interpretation refers to the specific behaviours and properties attached to the utterance for example
loudness, silence, gaze return, and so forth.
h. Genre G
Genre refers to the types of the utterance such as poems, proverbs, riddles, sermons, prayers, lectures and so forth.
This SPEAKING formula is very important to show that talk is a very complex activity and that any particular talk is actually a piece of
“skilled work”. Skilled work means that the speaker must be aware and sensitive toward each of these eight factors above. Neglecting to fulfil
these factors may result into the poorer speaker.
8. United Nations UN
The United Nations UN was established to create, maintain and spread the peace among countries in the world. From Southern Sudan to
Timor-Leste, from Tunisia to Kyrgyzstan, the UN will keep on
articulating and standing up for universal values such as freedom, human rights and democratic accountability.
a. Description
UN, which stands for United Nations, is the biggest and highest international organization in the world. Before using the
term United Nations as its name, the League of Nations was applied to name this organization. The League of Nations was built in 1919,
during the First World War. The aim is to promote international cooperation and to achieve peace and security. However, the League
of Nations failed to prevent the Second World War. Therefore, there was a more urgent demand for the peaceful resolution such as
international collaborations and dialogues. The term United Nations was given by the US President
Franklin D. Roosevelt. In 1942, it made a Declaration which put forth a pledge by 26 nations to fight together. After that, delegates
from 50 countries met and drew up the Charter of the United Nations on June 26
th
, 1945. On October 24
th
, 1945 the Charter was ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United
States and a majority of other signatories. Therefore, on every 26 October we celebrate the establishment of the most prominent
organization in the world to create the peace and security.
Kategori