Types of Speech Acts in Terms of Directness

declarative, interrogative, and imperative. There are also three general communicative functions such as statement, question, and commandrequest. The difference between direct and indirect speech acts is put on the relations between the structural forms and general communicative functions. 1 Direct Speech Acts It is where there is a direct relationship between the structure and the function. Therefore, a declarative used to make a statement is considered as a direct speech acts. It is the same as the imperative structure. The examples are presented below. a It is cold outside. b I hereby tell you about the weather. In example a the utterance is directive. If this utterance is used to make a statement, the form will be changed into the example b. 2 Indirect Speech Acts It is where there is an indirect relationship between the structure and the function. Therefore, a declarative which is used to make a request is considered as an indirect speech acts. The examples are given below. a It is cold outside. b I hereby request of you that you close the door. In example a the utterance is in the declarative form. If it is used to make a command or request, the form of the utterance will be changed into the example b.

6. Speech

a. Definition

Speech is the learned skill that exists freely without writing but still applies the cohesive and coherent sentences and delivered through spoken language Gordon, 1961; Burton, 1976; Osborn, 1988; Eggins, 2004. The structure of a speech is just like the structure in any other writing products; introduction, body and conclusion. The language that is used in the speech should be clear, lively or colourful, concrete, and comprehensible, so that it can prevent the miss-conception from the audience. There are three ideas that should exist whenever we want to deliver our speech. The first is the integrity that means it should be honest, having good intentions, responsible, straightforward and dependable. The second is the attractiveness that means it is about whether the audience likes the speaker or can accept the ideas that the speaker tries to deliver. The third is the power which means that it should be confident, decisive and enthusiastic. The power is divided into two which are conferred which is gained from the status and responsibility and natural which is gained from the manner of dealing with others.

b. Classical Rhetoric Speech