Data Gathering Techniques Data Analysis Techniques

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D. Data Gathering Techniques

In gathering the data, the writer used three kinds of techniques namely library study, questionnaire, and interview. First is library study. Here, the writer looked for the theory of Task-Based Language Teaching, Communicative Language Teaching, English for Specific Purposes and theories in designing the materials. Second, the writer conducted a needs analysis using questionnaire as the instrument. There were two questionnaires that were used in this research. First, the questionnaire was given to the learners. It would cover learners’ needs, lacks, characteristics, and interests in the topics given. Second, the questionnaire was also given to two lecturers of English Education Study Program at Sanata Dharma University and two English instructors of Wisma Bahasa English Division after preliminary materials have been designed. The expert validation questionnaire and the user validation questionnaire were distributed on November 2010. The questionnaire was given to get comments, suggestion and feedback of the materials. Third, the writer conducted interviews with the Head of Human Resource section, the Head of Operational section, and the senior staff of the Information Centre as the participants. The interviews were carried out to ascertain learners’ needs, lack, characteristics, and interest in learning English. It was also to know about the history of Taman Wisata Candi Prambanan, the sections in PT. Unit Candi Prambanan , and other information related to Taman Wisata Candi Prambanan such as the facilities, the visit of tourist, etc. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 47

E. Data Analysis Techniques

The data from the library study and interviews were analyzed using qualitative data analysis, while the questionnaires were analyzed differently because there were two types of questionnaires. The first one was for the staff of Taman Wisata Candi Prambanan. The data were analyzed by calculating the data into percentage as most people find it easier to understand data in percentage than in raw frequencies Brown Rodgers, 2002. From the analysis, the writer got learners’ characteristics, learners’ needs, wants and interests. The percentage was calculated by the amount of students who chose the options divided by amount of all students who participated. The formulation to find out the percentage is presented as follows. x 100 Note: n = the number of participants who choose certain statements = the total number of participants The second questionnaire was given to two lecturers of English Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University and two English instructors of Wisma Bahasa English Division. It was conducted to obtain the comments, suggestions and revisions from the experts and the users. The educational background and teaching experience of the expert validation and user validation’s participants are described in Table 3.2 and Table 3.3. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 48 Table 3.2: The Form of the Description of Expert Validation Questionnaire Participants Groups of Respondents Educational Background Teaching Experience Sex D3 S1 S2 S3 1 1-5 5-10 10 M F Lecturers Table 3.3: The Form of the Description of Expert Validation Questionnaire Participants Groups of Respondents Educational Background Teaching Experience Sex D3 S1 S2 S3 1 1-5 5- 10 10 M F Instructors In the first part of the questionnaire, there are four agreements to measure the statements. They are presented in Table 3.4. Table 3.4: Points of Agreement Points of Agreement Meaning 1 strongly disagree with the statement 2 disagree with the statement 3 agree with the statement 4 strongly agree with the statement The result of the first part of the questionnaire was presented by using Central Tendency as shown in Table 3.5. The designed materials would be considered as an acceptable design if the central tendency for each statement in the questionnaire was between the scales of 3 to 4. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 49 Table 3.5: The Form of the Results of Expert and User Validation Questionnaire No. Respondents’ Opinion Frequency of Occurrence N Central Tendency 1 2 3 4 Mean Central tendency, the trend of a set of numbers that clusters around a particular value, is a convenient way of summarizing data of nominal categories such as the Likert scale Brown Rodgers, 2002. In this study, the central tendency was measured using mean. Mean is the sum of all the values in a distribution divided by the number of values. It is used to find a single statistic that characterizes the entire set of numbers. The formula of calculating the mean can be seen below. : Notes: : The mean : Raw scores ∑x : The sum of the scores N : Number of Participants To analyze the second part of the questionnaire, the essay part, was done by presenting the comments, and suggestions from the participants into paragraphs. The comments and suggestions would be summarized and presented into paragraphs. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 50

F. Research Procedure