44 of completing the questionnaire must be made as easy as possible so that the
respondent will not get confuse and it can be done effectively. The interview was done to obtain the data from the learners. According to
Wallace 1998:146, there are three kinds of interview, namely structured interviews, unstructured interviews, and semi-structured interviews. A structure
interview has a very tight structure, and in which the questions will probably be read from a carefully prepared interview schedule, similar to questionnaire but
used orally Wallace, 1998:146. Unstructured interview has some kind of structure but not as tight as structured interview and it would simply be a
conversation Wallace, 1998:146, while semi-structured interview also has the structure but most of the questions will probably be open questions Wallace,
1998:147. In this study, the semi-structure interview was done because it would make good atmosphere and effective condition so that the participant could give
more detailed response. It was also done because interviews would give data that could not be completed by questionnaire.
2. Research Instrument for Preliminary Field-Testing
The expert validation questionnaire and user validation questionnaire served as the evaluation sheets for the participants to assess the designed
materials. The questionnaire was done to know whether the materials was appropriate or not and also to get feedback from the lecturers and the English
instructors, suggestions, comments, and revisions. Based on the explanation of the research instruments above, the writer
presented the data collection in Table 3.1.
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Table 3.1 The Writer’s Data Collection
Instruments Participants Time
Data Obtained
Questionnaire for Data
Gathering 34 staff of Taman
Wisata Candi Prambanan
June 2010, before
designing the materials
Learners’ characteristics, Learners’ educational
background, Learners needs of learning
English, learners; difficulty in learning
English, learners’ interest in the topics,
learners’ ability in English, learners’
motivation in learning English, learners’
experience in learning English
Interview for Data Gathering
4 staff of Taman Wisata Candi
Prambanan. July 2010,
before designing the
materials Learners’ characteristics,
Learners’ educational background, learners’
needs of learning English, learners’
difficulty in learning English, learners’
interest in the topics, learners’ ability in
English, learners’ motivation in learning
English, learners’ experience in learning
English, the history of Prambanan temple, the
facilities in Prambanan Temple, the number of
the visitor, the duty of each section.
Questionnaire for Expert
Validation 2 lectures of
English Education Study
Program of Sanata Dharma
University November
2010, after designing the
materials Reviews, comments, and
suggestions to the designed materials.
Questionnaire for User
Validation 2 English
instructors of Wisma Bahasa
English Division November
2010, after designing the
materials Reviews, comments, and
suggestions to the designed materials.
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D. Data Gathering Techniques
