52 also collected the support the process of designing the materials that really
suitable with their needs. The following presents the detailed components of the design of English
instructional speaking materials using Task-Based Language Teaching for Taman Wisata Candi Prambanan Staff.
A. Learners’ Characteristics
The research and information collecting had to be conducted before the writer decided the goals and topics for the learners. Therefore, the writer
conducted needs analysis by conducting interview and giving questionnaire to the staff of Taman Wisata Candi Prambanan. It aimed to get the learners’
characteristics. The following paragraph explained about learners’ characteristics as the result of need analysis.
There were 34 staff as the participants in research and information collecting. At first, the writer distributed 40 questionnaires to the Taman Wisata
Candi Prambanan staff but only 34 staff who submitted the questionnaire because some of them were busy in providing service for the tourist in Taman Wisata
Candi Prambanan. It could be understood due to the fact that it was the peak season for Taman Wisata Candi Prambanan.
There were 26 males 76,5 and 8 females 23,5. The ages range of the learners were 2 staff 5,8 between 20-29 years old, 13 staff 38,4
between 30-39 years old, 17 staff 50 between 40-49 years old, and 2 staff 5,8 more than 50 years old. Talking about academic background, the Taman
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53 Wisata Candi Prambanan staff came from different academic levels. Two staff
5,9 graduated from University, twenty-seven staff 79,4 graduated from Senior High SchoolVocational High School, and five staff 14,7 from Junior
High School. Table 4.1 below shows the description of the learners according to their academic levels.
Table 4.1: Learners’ Sex, Age, and Educational Background
Sex Age Educational
Background Male Female 20-29 30-39 40-49 50 UN
SHSVHS JHS ES 26 8 2 13 17 2
2 27 5
The data gathered from the questionnaire and interview in research and information collecting was as follow:
Based on the data from the questionnaire, there were 27 staff of Taman Wisata Candi Prambanan 79,4 who had studied English before and 7 staff
20,6 had not studied English before. Moreover, based on the interview with the head of Personalia section, the English ability of the Taman Wisata Candi
Prambanan staff was on the basic level although there were some of them who had enough experience in learning English and interacting with foreign tourists.
Therefore, it can be conclude that the English ability of the Taman Wisata Candi Prambanan was on basic level.
There were 31 staff 91,2 who agreed that they needed English in their working field. Most of them were the staff from Operational section, Security
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54 section, and Aneka Usaha section. Those staff had more interaction with foreign
tourist in their daily life than other staff from other section. The rest of the staff 8,8 said that they did not need English in their work. Next, there were 7 staff
20,6 who used English 1 up to 2 times a week, 7 staff 20,6 used English 3 up to 4 times a week, 8 staff 23,5 used English 5 up to 6 times a week, and
there were 9 staff 26,5 who used English more than 6 times. While the rest 3 people 8, 8 never communicate with foreign tourist using English. It can be
seen from the result of the questionnaire that most of the Taman Wisata Candi Prambanan staff used English when they work to improve their service especially
for the foreign tourists. Based on the data gathered from the questionnaire, all of the Taman
Wisata Candi Prambanan staff said that they had difficulties in communicating with foreign tourist using English. 11 staff 32,6 said that they had difficulties
in vocabulary. It means that they lack of vocabulary in English. 8 staff 23,5 said that they could not pronounce the words in English correctly, 21 staff
61,8 said that they could not arrange sentences in English using correct grammar fluently and acceptably, and there were 6 staff 17,6 who said that
they did not know what the foreign tourist are talking about in English. In addition, 2 staff 5,9 said that they had difficulties in communicating with
tourist that could not speak English well. Lack of knowledge in English made the information could not be properly accomplished.
32 staff 94, 1 agreed that English is important for them while the rest 2 staff 5,9 agreed that English is not important for them. Based on the data
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55 gathered from the questionnaire, there were many reasons why English is
important for them as the staff of Taman Wisata Candi Prambanan. Those were: • To communicate with foreign tourist
• To help them in doing their job because they often contact with foreign tourist • To help them in giving information related to Taman Wisata Candi
Prambanan, giving direction, giving explanation, handling complaints, etc • To support their job in tourism so that they are able to give the best service for
foreign tourists Most of the staff realized that English is important for them who work in tourism
although there were 5,9 who said that English is not important for them. Their reason was because they did not work in position that enable them have contact
with foreign tourists. 31 staff 91,2 agreed that speaking skill was important and needed by
them. Speaking skill is needed because they will use their speaking skill more than the other skills. On the other hand, there were 13 staff 38,2 who said that
listening skill was also important and needed by them and 11 staff 32,4 who said that reading skill was also important and needed by them. However, the
writer perceived that speaking skill was the most skill that was needed for them. As it was stated before, speaking skill will be used more than the other skills in
their working field. All of the Taman Wisata Candi Prambanan staff 100 said that they
were motivated to learn English. Motivation in learning is very important because it will influence the learning condition. They had many purposes in learning
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56 English. 18 staff 52,9 want to be able to communicate with foreign tourist. 11
staff 32,6 hoped that there would be no misunderstanding when they are talking with foreign tourist. Next, 24 staff 79,6 want to be able to give
information to foreign tourist using good English, and 6 staff 17,6 want to learn English as an experience. It can be seen from the result that all staff of
Taman Wisata Candi Prambanan were highly motivated to learn English because they wanted to give the better service for the tourists.
The summary of learners’ characteristics was recorded in Table 4.2.
Table 4.2: Summary of Learners’ Characteristics
No Criteria Explanation
1. Learner’s age, sex, and
educational background Learners’ age was between 20 and 50
years old. Most of the learners were male and most of them graduated from Senior
High SchoolVocational High School. 2.
Learners’ ability and experience in learning
English Most of the learners have studied English
before, whether it was at school or course. However, their English ability was on
basic level. 3.
Whether they need English in their working field or not
Most of the learners agreed that they needed English in their working field,
especially for those for work in the field such as Operational section, Security
section, and Aneka Usaha section. 4.
The frequency of using English to communicate
Most of the learners communicate with foreign tourists in their working field
everyday.
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57
No Criteria Explanation
5. Learners’ difficulty
Learners have difficulty in English such as to arrange the sentence in English, lack of
vocabulary, and do not know what the tourists are talking about.
6. The importance of English
Almost all of the learners agreed that English is important for them and needed
by them. 7.
Learners’ needs in learning English
Most of the learners said that they need speaking skill to be studied in learning
English. However, they also needed listening, reading, and writing.
8. Learners’ purpose in
learning English Learners’ purpose to learn English was to
be able to communicate with foreign tourists and to give information to them.
10. Learners’ motivation
in learning English
Learners are motivated to learn English because they realize that English is
important for them.
Finally, the writer could decide the needs of the learners in term of necessities, lacks and wants in Table 4.3.
Table 4.3: Necessities, Lacks, and Wants
Necessities The staff need English to communicate well with the foreign
tourist using simple language Lacks
The staff are lack of vocabulary and cannot arrange the sentence in English correctly
Wants English is needed to communicate well with the foreign tourist
in order to be able to give information about the Taman Wisata Candi Prambanan to improve their service.
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58
B. Goal, Topics, and General Purposes
