C. Data Gathering Techniques and Type of Data
This part elaborated the data gathering techniques and the type of data which were used in this study. This study applied three types of data gathering
techniques, in which employed in Research Information Collecting step, Preliminary Product Verification step and Main Field Testing step.
The first data gathering technique was conducted in Research and Information Collecting step to obtain data for the need analysis before designing
the listening materials. The data of Research and Information Collecting step were gathered throughout interviews to five English teachers and two second year
students of Visual Communication Design Program in SMKN 5 Yogyakarta. The second data gathering technique was applied in Preliminary Product
Verification step after the writer had designed the listening materials. The data of Preliminary Product Verification step was collected through the questionnaire and
interview in order to gain feedback toward the designed materials. The questionnaire was distributed to three English teachers of SMKN 5 Yogyakarta
and two English lectures of English Language Education study Program in Sanata Dharma University. It was intended to obtain evaluation toward the designed
materials. The interview was conducted to the same participants for gathering opinions and suggestions of the designed materials.
The third data gathering technique was conducted in Main Field Testing step. The data of Main Field Testing step was gathered from the students by
distributing the questionnaires. This was aimed to gain evaluation of the
implementation of the designed materials. The evaluation, then, was used to revise the designed materials into final version.
The type of data would be described in the following table. The table covers the summary of steps in which the writer gathered data; the type of data
that would be obtained; the instruments that would be used; and the sources of the data.
Table 3.1 : The Type of Data
Step Type of Data
Instrument Sources
Research and Information
Collecting
1. Students’ characteristics
2. Students’ needs
3. Students’ motivation
4. Students’ strength and weakness
5. Basis of listening activities
6. Listening activities in class
7. Learning techniques and activities
8. Materials, media and topic choice
9. Learning difficulties
10. Expectation toward this study
Interview -
Teachers -
Students
Preliminary Product
Verification
1. Evaluation of the designed
materials: a.
Major goals of the designed materials
b. Explanation of the content,
tasks and activities c.
Relevance between the designed materials with
students’ level and students’ program
d. Concordance between the level
of difficulty with what should a.
Closed-form Questionnaire
b. Interview
- Teachers
- Lectures
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