Problem Formulation Problem Limitation

program who had passed their first year study and had accomplished novice level of English subject. 6. Visual Communication Design In Bahasa Indonesia, it is called Design Komunikasi Visual DKV. In this study, Visual Communication Design is one vocational program offered in SMKN 5 Yogyakarta. Visual Communication Design is a program which trains the students to master visual communication field as well as its visual form elements and features and to apply their competence to produce visual form designs by using either two or three dimension of media. 7. SMKN 5 Yogyakarta SMKN 5 Yogyakarta, which was called SMIK Sekolah Menengah Industri Kerajinan, is located at Jl. Kenari no.71 Yogyakarta. SMKN 5 prepares their students to enter the job world specialized on the art and craft industry. The school has eight vocational programs namely Kriya kayu, Kriya Keramik, Kriya Logam, Kriya Kulit, Kriya tekstil, Desain busana, Desain Komunikasi visual DKV- Grafis Komunikasi and DKV Animasi. 12

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents literature review of the study. It includes two main parts namely theoretical description and theoretical framework.

A. Theoretical description

This part elaborates some theoretical principles which underline the design of the listening materials. It includes discussion of Educational Research and Development RD, Instructional Design Material, Syllabus Design, Listening, Vocational School, English for Specific Purposes ESP, Material Development, and Task Based Language Teaching. Each of them would be further described below:

1. Educational Research and Development RD

According to Borg and Gall 1983:772 Educational Research and Development is a process used to develop and validate educational product which refers to the RD cycle. The major steps of RD cycle are described as follows: a. Research and Information Collecting This step includes reviewing literatures, conducting classrooms observations, and preparing the report Gall, 1983: 775. The review of literatures aims to collect findings and other information relevant to the plan of designing the product. Whereas direct observation or interview are used to complete information