If suffix –hon is attached to the word ‘tolu’ and ‘lima’, so they become ‘toluhon’ and ‘limahon’ that indicate the meaning of ‘to make become what is
mentioned in the base’. ‘toluhon’ indicates the meaning of ‘make s.t. becomes three.’ and ‘limahon’ indicates the meaning of ‘make s.t. becomes five’.
4.2.4 Suffix –i
a. Form • It is found that suffix –i can be attached to the base which is ended by vowel
phoneme. e.g.: hutu
‘louse’ n
+ -i
Æ hutui ‘throw the louse away’
v dua
‘two’ +
-i Æ
duai ‘done by two people’ • It is found that suffix –i can be attached to the base which is ended with
consonant phoneme. e.g.:
ponggol ‘cut off’ v + -i
Æ ponggoli ‘cut s.t. off from’
v roh ‘come’ v
+ -i
Æ rohi ‘visit upon’ v
• It is found that suffix –i can be attached to the base which is ended with semivowel phoneme.
e.g.: hondor ‘gate’ n
+ -i
Æ hondori ‘fenced’ v
dugur ‘joggle’ v +
-i Æ
duguri ‘ joggle over and over again v
• It is found that suffix –i can not be attached to the base which is ended with diphthong phoneme.
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• It is found that suffix –i can not be attached to the base which is ended with cluster phoneme.
From the data above, it can be seen that suffix –i can be attached to the base which is ended by vowel, consonant, and semivowel phoneme.
b. Distribution Suffix –i may be attached to the base as follows:
• Verb e.g.:
ponggol ‘cut off’ v + -i
Æ ponggoli ‘cut s.t. off from’
v roh ‘come’ v
+ -i
Æ rohi ‘visit upon’ v
• Noun e.g.
hondor ‘gate’ n +
-i Æ
hondori ‘fenced’ v garam
‘salt’ n +
-i Æ
garami ‘give salt’ v • Numeral
e.g.: dua ‘two’
+ -i
Æ duai ‘done by two people’ v
tolu ‘three’
+ -i
Æ tolui ‘done by three people’
v • Adjective
e.g.: milas ‘hot’ adj
+ -i
Æ milasi ‘make s.t. become hot’
v birong ‘black’ adj
+ -i
Æ birongi ‘make s.t. become
black’ v
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From the data above, it can be seen that suffix –i can be attached to the base of noun, verb, numeral, and adjective. The word ‘ponggol’ and ‘roh’ are
included in verb. If suffix –i is attached to them, it becomes ‘ponggoli’ and ‘rohi’. And, the words ‘hondor’ and ‘garam’ are included in noun. If suffix –i is attached
to them, they become ‘hondori’ and ‘garami’. And also, suffix –i can be attached to numeral. It can be seen from above. The words ‘tolu’ and ‘dua’ are included in
numeral. If suffix –i is attached to them, they become ‘tolui and ‘duai’. Last, suffix –i can be attached to adjective. It can be seen from above. The words
‘milas’ and ‘birong’ are included in adjective. If suffix –i is attached to them, they become ‘milasi’ and ‘birongi’.
c. Function The function of suffix –i is to form verb from noun, adjective, and
numeral. e.g.: garam
‘salt’ n
+ -i
Æ garami ‘give salt’ v
dua ‘two’ numeral + -i
Æ duai ‘done by two people’ v
birong ‘black’ adj +
-i Æ
birongi ‘make s.t. become black’ v
If suffix –i is attached to the base of noun, adjective, and numeral, so it will change the name of word class. Suffix –i will form verb. The words ‘garam’
is included in noun; if suffix –i is attached to it, it becomes ‘garami’ that is included in verb. While, the word ‘dua’ is included in numeral; if suffix –i is
attached to it, it becomes ‘duai’ that is included in verb. And also, the word
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‘birong’ is included in adjective; if suffix –i is attached to it, it becomes ‘birongi’ that is included in verb too.
d. Meaning The meaning of suffix –i may be described as follows:
• To indicate the meaning of ‘throw away what is mentioned in the base’. e.g.: hulit
‘leather’ n +
-i Æ
huliti ‘throw the leather away’ v
hutu ‘louse’
n +
-i Æ
hutui ‘throw the louse away’ v
If suffix –i is attached to the word ‘hulit’ and ‘hutu’, so they become ‘huliti’ and ‘hutui’ that indicate the meaning of ‘throw away what is mentioned in
the base’. ‘huliti’ indicates the meaning of ‘throw the leather away’ and ‘hutui’ indicates the meaning of ‘throw the louse away’.
• To indicate the meaning of ‘give what is mentioned in the base’ e.g.
asom ‘sour’ n +
-i Æ
asomi ‘give sour’ v garam
‘salt’ n +
-i Æ
garami ‘give salt’ v If suffix –i is attached to the word ‘asom’ and ‘garam’, so they become
‘asomi’ and ‘garami’ that indicate the meaning of ‘give what is mentioned in the base’. ‘asomi’ indicates the meaning of ‘give sour’ and ‘garami’ indicates the
meaning of ‘give salt’. • To indicate the action that is done over and over again.
e.g.: gijik ‘throw’
v +
-i Æ
gijiki ‘throw s.t. over and over again’ v
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dugur ‘joggle’ v +
-i Æ
duguri ‘ joggle over and over again v
If suffix –i is attached to the word ‘gijik’ and ‘dugur’, so they become ‘gijiki’ and ‘duguri’ that indicate the meaning of ‘the action that is done over and
over again’. ‘gijiki’ indicates the meaning of ‘throw s.t. over and over again’ and ‘duguri’ indicates the meaning of ‘ joggle over and over again’.
• To indicate the meaning of ‘make s.t. become’ what is mentioned in the base. e.g.: sayat
‘slice’ v
+ -i
Æ sayati ‘make s.t. become
sliced’ v birong ‘black’ adj
+ -i
Æ birongi ‘make s.t. become
black’ v If suffix –i is attached to the word ‘sayat’ and ‘birong’, so they become ‘sayati’
and ‘birongi’ that indicate the meaning of ‘make s.t. become’ what is mentioned in the base’. ‘sayati’ indicates the meaning of ‘make s.t. become sliced’ and
‘birongi’ indicates the meaning of ‘make s.t. become black’
4.2.5 Suffix –tu
