‘optic’. If suffix –al is attached to it, it becomes ‘optical’ that is included in adjective.
d. Meaning Suffix -al may indicate the meaning of ‘affixation of its object’ of what is
mentioned in the base form e.g.
option +
-al Æ
optional ‘that maybe chosen or not’ person
+ -al
Æ personal ‘belonging to a particular
person’ From the data above, it can be seen that if suffix –al is attached to the word
‘option’, it becomes ‘optional’ that indicates the meaning of ‘maybe chosen or not’. While, if suffix –al is attached to the word ‘person’, it becomes ‘personal’
that indicates the meaning of ‘belonging to a particular person’.
5.1.12 Suffix –age
a. Form • It is found that suffix –age can be attached to the base which is ended by
vowel phoneme. e.g: store
+ -age Æ storage • It is found that suffix –age can not be attached to the base which is ended with
consonant phoneme. • It is found that suffix –age can not be attached to the base which is ended with
semivowel phoneme.
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• It is found that suffix –age can not be attached to the base which is ended with diphthong phoneme.
• It is found that suffix –age can not be attached to the base which is ended with cluster phoneme.
From the data above, it can be seen that suffix –age can be attached to the base which is ended by vowel and consonant phoneme.
b. Distribution Suffix –age may be attached to the base of verb.
e.g.: marry v
+ -age Æ marriage
carry v
+ -age
Æ carriage From the data above, it can be seen that suffix –age can be attached to the
base of verb. The word ‘marry’ and ‘carry’ are included in verb. If suffix –age is attached to them, they become ‘marriage’ and ‘carriage’.
c. Function The function of suffix –age is to form noun from verb.
e.g.: marry v
+ -age Æ marriage
n carry
v +
-age Æ carriage
n From the data above, the function of suffix –age is to form noun from
verb. The word ‘marry’ and ‘carry’ are included in verb. If suffix –age is attached to them, they become ‘marriage’ and ‘carriage’ that are included in noun.
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d. Meaning The meaning of suffix –age is to form noun of what is mentioned in the
base form. e.g.: carry
+ -age
Æ carriage ‘brought something’
store +
-age Æ
storage ‘store something or deal’
From the data above, it can be seen that if suffix –age is attached to the word ‘carry’, it becomes ‘carriage’ that indicates the meaning of ‘brought
something’. While, if suffix –age is attached to the word ‘store’, it becomes ‘storage’ that indicates the meaning of ‘store something or deal’.
5.1.13 Suffix –ist
a. Form • It is found that suffix –ist can not be attached to the base which is ended by
vowel phoneme. • It is found that suffix –ist can be attached to the base which is ended with
consonant phoneme. e.g.:
human +
-ist Æ
humanist ‘human act’ imperial +
-ist Æ
imperialist imperial act’ • It is found that suffix –ist can not be attached to the base which is ended with
semivowel phoneme. • It is found that suffix –ist can not be attached to the base which is ended with
diphthong phoneme.
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• It is found that suffix –ist can not be attached to the base which is ended with cluster phoneme.
From the data above, it can be seen that suffix –ist can be attached to the base which is ended by consonant phoneme.
b. Distribution Suffix –ist may be attached to the base as follows:
• Adjective e.g.: imperial
adj +
-ist Æ imperialist • Noun
e.g.: human n
+ -ist
Æ humanist From the data above, it can be seen that suffix –ist can be attached to the
base of adjective and noun. The word ‘imperial’ is included in adjective. If suffix –ist is attached to it, it becomes ‘imperialist’. And, the word ‘human’ is included
in noun. If suffix –ist is attached to it, it becomes ‘humanist’.
c. Function • To form noun from adjective
e.g. imperial adj
+ -ist
Æ imperialist n
• Does not change the name of word class when it is attached to noun e.g.
human n +
-ist Æ
humanist n From the data above, there are two functions of suffix –ist. They are to
form noun from adjective and does not change the name of word class if suffix – ist is attached to noun. The word ‘imperial’ is included in adjective; if suffix –ist
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is attached to it, it becomes ‘imperialist’ that is included in noun. While, the word ‘human’ is included in noun; if suffix –ist is attached to it, it becomes ‘humanist’
that is included in noun too.
d. Meaning Suffix -ist may indicate the meaning of ‘action or condition’ of what is
mentioned in the base form e.g.: human
+ -ist Æ
humanist ‘human act’ imperial +
-ist Æ
imperialist imperial act’ From the data above, it can be seen that if suffix –age is attached to the
word ‘human’, it becomes ‘humanist’ that indicates the meaning of ‘human act’. And, if suffix –ist is attached to the word ‘imperial’, it becomes ‘imperialist’ that
indicates the meaning of ‘imperial act’.
5.1.14 Suffix –ate
