d. Meaning The meaning of suffix –ing is to indicate the meaning of ‘in process of
what is mentioned in the base form”. e.g.: give +
-ing Æ giving ‘in the process of giving s.t’
cry +
-ing Æ
crying ‘in the process of crying’ From the data above, suffix –ing is to indicate the meaning of ‘in process
of what is mentioned in the base’. If suffix –ing is attached to the word ‘give’, it becomes ‘giving’ that indicates the meaning of ‘in the process of giving s.t.’. And
also, if suffix –ing is attached to the word ‘cry’, it becomes ‘crying’ that indicates the meaning of ‘in the process of crying’.
5.1.19 Suffix –ful
a. Form • It is found that suffix –ful can be attached to the base which is ended by vowel
phoneme. e.g.: hope
+ -ful Æ hopeful
use +
-ful Æ useful
• It is found that suffix –ful can be attached to the base which is ended with consonant phoneme.
e.g.: help
+ -ful Æ helpful
doubt +
-ful Æ doubtful
• It is found that suffix –ful can be attached to the base which is ended with semivowel phoneme.
e.g.: ear +
-ful Æ earful
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wonder + -ful
Æ wonderful • It is found that suffix –ful can be attached to the base which is ended with
diphthong phoneme. e.g.: play
+ -ful Æ playful
• It is found that suffix –ful can not be attached to the base which is ended with cluster phoneme.
From the data above, it can be seen that suffix –ful can be attached to the base which is ended by vowel, consonant, semivowel, and diphthong phoneme.
b. Distribution Suffix –ful may be attached to the base as follows:
• Verb e.g.: help
v +
-ful Æ helpful use v
+ -ful
Æ useful • Noun
e.g.: ear n
+ -ful Æ earful
doubt n
+ -ful
Æ doubtful From the data above, it can be seen that suffix –ful can be attached to the
base of verb and noun. The word ‘help’ and ‘use’ are included in verb. If suffix – ing is attached to them, they become ‘helpful’, ‘useful’. And also, the word ‘ear’
and ‘doubt’ are included in noun. If suffix –ing is attached to them, they become ‘earing’ and ‘doubting’.
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c. Function The function of suffix –ing may be described as follows:
• To form Adjective from verb e.g.: help
v +
-ful Æ helpful adj
use v +
-ful Æ useful
adj • To form adjective from noun
e.g.: ear n
+ -ful Æ earful
adj doubt
n +
-ful Æ doubtful
adj It can be seen that there are two functions of suffix –ful. Those are to form
adjective from verb and to form adjective from noun. The word ‘help’ and ‘use’ are included in verb. If suffix –ful is attached to them, they become ‘helpful’ and
‘useful’ which are included in adjective. While, the word ‘ear’ and ‘doubt’ are included in noun; if suffix –ful is attached to them, they become ‘’earful’ and
‘doubtful’ which are included in adjective.
d. Meaning The meaning of suffix –ing is to indicate the meaning of ‘full of or having
some or much’. e.g.: care +
-ful Æ careful ‘full of care’
doubt +
-ful Æ
doubtful ‘full of doubt’ From the data above, it can be seen that the meaning of suffix –ful if it is
attached to the base is ‘full of or having some or much ’. Like the word ‘care’ and ‘doubt’; if suffix –ful is attached to them, they become ‘careful’ and ‘doubtful’
that indicate the meaning of ‘full of care’ and ‘full of doubt’.
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5.1.20 Suffix –hood
