d. Meaning The meaning of suffix –en is to indicate the meaning of ‘make’ or
‘become’ of what is mentioned in the base form. e.g: bright
+ -en Æ brighten ‘make or become bright’
short +
-en Æ
shorten ‘make shorter’ From the data above, if the word ‘bright’ is attached by suffix –en, it becomes
‘brighten’ that has meaning as ‘make or become bright’.’ and it is also with the word ‘short. If it is attached by suffix –en, it becomes ‘shorten’ that has meaning
as ‘make shorter’. So suffix –en indicates the meaning of ‘make’ or ‘become’ of what is mentioned in the base form.
5.1.2 Suffix –er
a. Form • It is found that suffix –er can be attached to the base which is ended by vowel
phoneme. e.g: manage
+ -er Æ manager write
+ -er
Æ writer • It is found that suffix –er can be attached to the base which is ended with
consonant phoneme. e.g.: read
+ -er Æ reader
• It is found that suffix –en can be attached to the base which is ended with semivowel phoneme.
e.g.: supply +
-er Æ supplier
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• It is found that suffix –en can not be attached to the base which is ended with diphthong phoneme.
• It is found that suffix –en can not be attached to the base which is ended with cluster phoneme.
From the data above, it can be seen that suffix –er can be attached to the base which is ended by vowel, consonant, and semivowel phoneme.
b. Distribution Suffix –er may be attached only to the base form of verb.
e.g: employ v + -er Æ employer
From the examples above, it can be seen that suffix –er can be only attached to the base form of verb. The words ‘discover’ and ‘employ’ are verb.
c. Function The function of suffix –er is to form Noun from Verb.
e.g: readv + -er Æ reader
n write
v +
-er Æ writer
n The words ‘read’ and ‘write’ are verb. When they are attached by suffix –
er, they become noun; those are ‘reader’ and ‘writer’.
d. Meaning The meaning of suffix –er is to indicate the meaning of ‘a person who’
what is mentioned in the base form or ‘the persons by the object of their occupations’.
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e.g: manage + -er Æ
manager ‘person who organize s.t’ read
+ -er
Æ reader ‘person who read’
From the data above, if the word ‘manage’ is attached by suffix –er, it becomes ‘manager’ that has meaning as ‘person who organizes s.t.’ and it is also
with the word ‘read’. If it is attached by suffix –er, it becomes ‘reader’ that has meaning as ‘person who read’.
5.1.3 Suffix –ify
a. Form • It is found that suffix –ify can be attached to the base which is ended by vowel
phoneme. e.g: simple
+ -ify Æ simplify note
n + -ify
Æ notify • It is found that suffix –ify can be attached to the base which is ended with
consonant phoneme. e.g.: beauty
+ -ify Æ beautify
solid +
-ify Æ solidify
• It is found that suffix –ify can not be attached to the base which is ended with semivowel phoneme.
• It is found that suffix –ify can not be attached to the base which is ended with diphthong phoneme.
• It is found that suffix –ify can be attached to the base which is ended with cluster phoneme.
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From the data above, it can be seen that suffix –ify can be only attached to the base which is ended with vowel and consonant phoneme.
b. Distribution Suffix –ify may be attached to the base as follows:
• Noun e.g: glory
n + -ify Æ glorify
note n +
-ify Æ notify
• Adjective e.g: false
adj + -ify Æ falsify pure
adj +
-ify Æ purify
From the data above, it can be seen that suffix –ify can be attached to the base form of noun and adjective. The words ‘glory’ and ‘note’ are noun while the
words ‘false’ and ‘pure’ are adjective.
c. Function The function of suffix –ify may be described as follows:
• To form verb from noun e.g:
gas n +
-ify Æ gasify
v quality
n +
-ify Æ qualify
v • To form verb from adjective
e.g: pretty adj + -ify Æ prettify
v simple
adj +
-ify Æ simplify
v
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From the data above, it can be seen that when the words ‘gas’ and ‘quality’ ,included in noun, are attached by the suffix –ify, they become ‘gasify’ and
‘qualify’ that are included in verb. And also when the words ‘pretty’ and ‘simple’, included in adjective, are attached by suffix –ify, they become ‘prettify’ and
‘simplify’ that are included in verb.
d. Meaning The meaning of suffix –ify may be described as follows:
• To indicate the meaning of ‘make’ what is mentioned in the base form. e.g: humid
+ -ify Æ humidify ‘make humid’
simple +
-ify Æ
simplify ‘make simple’ • To indicate the meaning of ‘to do an action’ what is mentioned in base form.
e.g: class + -ify Æ
classify ‘arrange in class or group’ identity +
-ify Æ
identify ‘prove who s.b or s.t is’ From the data above, it can be seen that if the word ‘humid’ is attached by
suffix –ify, it becomes ‘humidify’ that indicates the meaning of ‘make humid’ and also the words ‘simple’. If it is attached by suffix –ify, it becomes ‘simplify’ that
indicates the meaning of ‘make simple’. Meanwhile, if the word ‘class’ is attached by suffix –ify, it becomes ‘classify’ that indicates the meaning of ‘arrange in class
or group’. And also, if the word ‘identity’ is attached by suffix –ify, it becomes ‘identify’ that indicates the meaning of ‘prove who somebody or something is’.
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5.1.4 Suffix –ize
