or ‘a result, object or agent an action, and the place of an action’. It is shown that ‘management’ indicates the meaning of ‘a process of managing s.t., while
‘battlement’ indicates the meaning of ‘a place of doing battle’.
5.1.8 Suffix –ance
a. Form • It is found that suffix –ance can be attached to the base which is ended by
vowel phoneme. e.g:
• It is found that suffix –ance can be attached to the base which is ended with consonant phoneme.
e.g.: perform
+ -ance Æ performance
• It is found that suffix –ance can be attached to the base which is ended with semivowel phoneme.
e.g.: appear +
-ance Æ appearance allow
v +
-ance Æ allowance
• It is found that suffix –ance can be attached to the base which is ended with diphthong phoneme.
e.g.: annoy v +
-ance Æ annoyance • It is found that suffix –ance can not be attached to the base which is ended
with cluster phoneme. From the data above, it can be seen that suffix –ance can be attached to the
base which is ended by vowel, consonant, semivowel, and diphthong phoneme.
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b. Distribution Suffix –ance can be attached to the base form of verb.
e.g: annoy v + -ance
Æ annoyance allow
v +
-ance Æ allowance
From the data above, it can be seen that suffix –ance can be attached to the base of verb. The word ‘annoy’ and ‘allow’ are included in verb. If they are
attached by suffix –ance, they become ‘annoyance’ and ‘allowance that are included in noun.
c. Function The function of suffix –ance is to form noun from verb.
e.g: perform v + -ance
Æ performance n
annoy v
+ -ance
Æ annoyance n
From the data above, the function of suffix -ment is to form noun from verb. The words ‘perform’ and ‘annoy’ are included in verb; if they are attached
by suffix –ance, they become ‘performance’ and ‘annoyance’ that are included in noun.
d. Meaning The meaning of suffix –ance is to indicate the meaning of ‘result of doing
an action that is mentioned in the base form’. e.g: perform
+ -ance Æ performance ‘result of doing
perform’ appear
+ -ance
Æ appearance ‘result of doing appear’
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From the data above, if the word ‘perform’ and ‘appear’ are attached by suffix –ance, they become ‘performance’ and ‘appearance’ that indicate the
meaning of ’ result of doing an action that is mentioned in the base form’. It is shown that ‘performance’ indicates the meaning of ‘result of doing perform’,
while ‘appearance’ indicates the meaning of ‘result of doing appear’.
5.1.9 Suffix –ly
