Proceedings of MatricesFor IITTEP – ICoMaNSEd 2015
ISBN: 978-602-74204-0-3
Biology Page 412
Mangrove has a tendency to form the density and diversity of stand structure that plays an important role as a sediment trap and protection against coastal erosion. In addition, the plant
produces high levels of habitat for the protection of young animals and useful as a substrate surface adhesion and growth of many organisms epiphytic Nybakken, 1986. Epiphytic ferns
in nature generally do not interfere with riding and carrying plants, but highly dependent safety tumbuhannya, because apabilah harvested plants carrying epiphytic ferns were also
dead. Epiphytic ferns are usually living in nutrient-poor environment, the roots generally do not have the root hairs and often contain chloroplasts so as to photosynthesize Zubaidah,
2001.
The distribution pattern of mangrove vegetation or plant communities do not stand alone. Vegetation is affected by some combination of environmental parameters. One is the effect of
vegetation cover on geomorphic processes, among others, extensive vegetation patterns indicate a relationship with the topography. The influence of landform on vegetation patterns
can help to vegetation mapping. Some aspects such physiographic landforms and altitude affect the climate in the habitat of a plant. Most of the climate factors strongly influenced by
temperature, rainfall and humidity Verstappen, 1983.
Management of mangrove forests wisely can be a source of tremendous economic growth. But perceptions and the ways we exploit mangrove forests tend not to heed the principles of
sustainability due to lack of our knowledge of the meaning and the important role mangrove as the supporting life, including humans, and lack of mastery us about mangrove management
is environmentally friendly. According to Noor et al, 1999 reported very difficult to find a natural mangrove and uninterrupted in northern Sulawesi while the mangrove forests in the
area is beneficial for the sustainability of local community life which is to protect the land from erosion, protecting agricultural areas, ponds and preserving coastal areas.
Bunaken National Park is a nature conservation area which has the function of life support systems for the protection, preservation of plants and animals, as well as the sustainable use of
natural resources and ecosystems. This ecosystem to consider sustainability to it need to be done study patterns of species interactions constituent mangrove plants that can be utilized
in accordance with the objectives of the National Park is in the interests of science, research, education, support aquaculture, recreation and tourism.
2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Time and Location Research
The experiment was conducted five months from May to September 2011, in the area of Bunaken National Park South section. Fieldwork was conducted at three 3 locations include
the coastal villages that are namely: Teling, Sondaken and Popareng and laboratory research conducted at the Laboratory BALITRI in Manado, PAU Laboratory IPB Bogor, and the Soil
Laboratory of Brawijaya University.
2.2. Materials and Equipment Used
Material and research material used in this study are: maps, secondary data, primary data field survey. Maps used are Visual Map of Earth Indonesia RBI Tanawangko sheet with a scale
of 1: 50,000 in 1991 and Map of Bunaken National Park South section scale 1: 100,000 in 2004. Secondary data includes data obtained from relevant agencies namely Bunaken
National Park, Dinas Forestry Provincial and Regency City, the Meteorology and Geophysics North Sulawesi province.
Proceedings of MatricesFor IITTEP – ICoMaNSEd 2015
ISBN: 978-602-74204-0-3
Biology Page 413
Equipment and other materials used in the field: 1. Camera Photos brands MPIX with 8 Mega Pixel resolution and 3x optical zoom; 2. The measuring device meter, to measure the
morphology of mangrove species such as the diameter of the stem; 3. Jam, to determine the time of sampling in the field; 4. The reference book identification, which is used Guide
Introduction Mangrove in Indonesia, Noor et al., 1999. The Botany of Mangroves by PB Tomlinson 1994; 5. Stationery writing and paper labels to write all the data in the field; 6.
Benchmarking and Tali, to create a line transect and plot block observations; 7. GPS Global Positioning System type III + garmin to determine the position coordinates of the station
point and sampling points; 8. Plastic bags and a cooler to store samples of soil substrate; 9. Box coolers to store the sample; 10. distilled water, for diluting the sample; 11. Cutlery
Cutter for cutting the rope; 12. Shovels, to take soil samples disturbed in the field; 13. Soil pH Tester, to measure the pH of the soil substrate. 14. Sasak to place vegetation samples that
have not been identified
2.3. Variable And How Data Collection
This research includes the study of three parameters with a mangrove ecosystem variables observed as follows: 1. Mangrove Forest Biological Parameters Prior to the data collection,
conducted field observations covering the entire forest area with the aim to see the general composition of forest stands in physiognomy and the state of the tide the local area and so
forth. Samples were taken at three 3 zones, namely: 1} .zona outermost, most close to the sea that is dominated by Avicennia zone, 2 middle zone between sea and land in general are
dominated by Rhizophora, 3 zones closest to the mainland is dominated by Bruguiera with consideration of vegetation density seen in physiognomy. Furthermore, the distribution of the
observation area the location of the sample sample into three stations, namely: a Station I, the location in the village Teling, is the location of its mangrove ecosystems already
degraded. b Station II, Sondaken location in the village, is a natural categorized locations. c Station III, Popareng location in the village, is the location that has experienced reforestation.
In each of these stations made transect line cut perpendicular to the direction of the shoreline land which is overgrown with mangrove. Transect line length varies according to the
thickness of the green line the existence of mangrove vegetation liaison terrestrial and aquatic. Samples were taken at a distance of between 0-10 meters, 30-40 meters and 50-60
meters from the rear mangrove zone towards the shoreline. Of each transect, vegetation data taken using plot squares method. Plot that used a double plot is square. There are several steps
in retrieving data transects are: a Interest metered into the sea with the initial position that has been marked with peg or paint a tree. b Determine the block sample plot plots on the left
and right of the transect line is square Figure 1 by Anonymous 2000a with size: 1 10 x 10 m for the observation phase of the tree;
2 5 x 5 m for the observation phase of the stake sapling; 3 2 x 2 m for the observation phase of seedlings seedlings.
Proceedings of MatricesFor IITTEP – ICoMaNSEd 2015
ISBN: 978-602-74204-0-3
Biology Page 414
Description: = Transect size of 20 x 20 m, to measure the level of the tree
= Transect size of 10 x 10 m, to measure the level of the pole = Transect size of 5 x 5 m, to measure the level of stakes
= Transect size of 2 x 2 m, to measure the level of seedling
2.4. The Mechanism of Data Collection as Follows:
