Suggestion Conclusion and Suggestion 1. Conclusion

Proceedings of MatricesFor IITTEP – ICoMaNSEd 2015 ISBN: 978-602-74204-0-3 Biology Page 393 tannins and steroids. The chromatography analysis showed that avocado leaf extract, selada darat and gedi contained polyphenols while the results based on a paper chromatography Rf value compared to the references revealed the existence of flavonoids, a group of flavonols: mirisetin, Quercetin and keemferol as well as biflavonil group: kayaflavon. The toxicity test showed LC 50 250 ppm to be relatively safe for consumption.

4.2. Suggestion

Further investigation on the exact active compounds in the plant extracts both tested in vivo and in vitro would be necessary in order to develop phytopharmacological antihiperlipidemic medicinal plants native to South Minahasa. Acknowledgement The authors thanked to DP2M Dikti through the Research Department of the State University of Manado for the financial support by the National Strategic Grants Batch I 2009. References [AHA] American Heart Association. 2008. Hyperlipidemia. http:www.americanheart.org [May 8, 2008] [ACS] Advanced Cardiac Specialist. 2008. High cholesterol - hyperlipidemia. http:www.advancedcardiac.comhyperlipidemia.htmOverview [May 8, 2008]. Djide MN, 2006. The effect of lactic acid bacteria culture hipokolesterolemia In Seyfert against white mice. J. Science Technology. 6 1: 13-18 Faraouq, 2003. Extracts as one of the development of traditional forms of medicine. Proceedings of the National Seminar on Medicinal Plants XXIII Indonesia, Jakarta. It 45-52 Gardner CD, Lawson LD, Block E. 2007. Effect of raw garlic vs commercial garlic supplements on plasma lipid concentrations in adults with moderate hypercholesterolemia: a randomized clinical trial. Arch Intern Med 167: 346 Handayani, L., Suharmiati. 2000. Meracik obat secara tradisional. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pelayanan dan teknologi Kesehatan. Jakarta.. Hens-Heldt, 2005. Plant biochemistry. Levier Academic Press. USA. [LIPI] Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahun Indonesia. 2007. Kerangka acuan kompetitif, sub program pegembangan bahan baku obat berbasis biodiversitas Indonesia. LIPI, Jakarta. Muhizi, 2002. The extraction, purification and evaluation of compounds from the leaves of Leonotis Leonor for anticonvulsant activity. [Thesis]. Department of Chemistry. University of the Western Cape. Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW. 2003. Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry 21st edition Lange Medical Books McGraw-Hill Kong JM, Goh NK, Chia LS and TF. 2003. Recent advances in traditional plant drugs and orchids. Acta Pharmacy Sin. 24 1 c 7-21. King MW, 2006. Medical Biochemistry. http:web.indstate.eduthcmemwkinghome.html [June 2007] Proceedings of MatricesFor IITTEP – ICoMaNSEd 2015 ISBN: 978-602-74204-0-3 Biology Page 394 Kramer FB, and Sheen WJ, 2006. Hormone-sensitive Lipase Knockouts. Review of Nutrition and Metabolism. Nelson DL, Cox MM.2005. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 4th edition. W.H. Freeman and Company. New York. Purwanto A, 2003. Efek gizi tempe terhadap hiperlipidemia pasien rawat jalan Di RSUD Prof Dr Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Depkes RI. Rosenson RS. 2007. High cholesterol and lipids hyperlipidemia. http:www.uptodate.compatientscontenttopic.do?topicKey=hrt_dis7390 [May 8, 2008 Vissers MN, Zock PL, Meijer GW and Katan MB. 2000. Effect of plant sterols from rice bran oil and triterpene alcohols from peanut concentrations oil on serum lipoproteins in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 72: 1510-5. Wiryo, Widagdo S, 2003. Komponen berkhasiat dalam obat herbal. Simposium obat herbal dan akupuntur estetika pada era 2003. Jakarta A Zamora, 2005. Fats. http:www.scientificpsychic.comsitemap.html Proceedings of MatricesFor IITTEP – ICoMaNSEd 2015 ISBN: 978-602-74204-0-3 Biology Page 395 IMPACT OF BOTANICAL INSECTICIDES DERIVED FROM Pangium edule Reinw., AND Annona muricata

L. EXTRACTS ON THE DIAMONDBACK MOTH,

Plutella xylostella L. Ernest H. Sakul 1 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Manado State University, Minahasa, Indonesia ernesthannysakulgmail.com Abstract Insecticidal properties of fractioned extracts from Pangium edule Reinw seed and Annona muricata seed against Plutella xylostella larvae were investigated in the laboratory. The study was initiated to investigate the possibility of using botanical pesticides to control P.xylostella, a serious cosmopolitan pest of crucifer plants. The study aims to determine the most effective concentration and the most active extract; to evaluate the different extract concentrations on the treated larvae; and to characterize the phytochemical contents of the most effective extracts fraction. The study was an experiment initiated by test of phytochemical screening test in order to discover the presence of secondary metabolites in the extracts. It was followed by the test of mortality of the diamondback moth larvae. Furthermore, the extracts hexane fraction and etanol fraction, were conducted with completely randomized design; The LC 50 values were determined following probit analysis, the data were treated in the software programme IBM Statistic SPSS 20. Results showed that n-hexane fraction is the most effective againts larvae LC 50-48h = 12,71 mgL from P.edule seed extract, LC 50-48h = 50,81 mgL from A.muricata seed extract. Larva mortality was highest using 1000 ppm n-hexane fraction 96,6 derived from P.edule seed extract, 93,3 derived from A.muricata seed extract. The ethanol fraction tested positive for alkaloid, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenol and tannins. N-hexane fraction of P.edule seed extract , and A.muricata seed extract are an effective botanical insecticides exhibiting larvicidal and antifeedant properties against P.xylostella thus it can be alternative to synthethic insecticides. Results indicate that these botanical insecticides have good possibilities for control of P. xylostella. Further work is necessary to evaluate and characterize the active components of the extract fractions and its efficacy in the field. Keywords : Botanical insecticides, Pangium edule, Annona muricata, Phytochemical screening, Plutella xylostella .

1. Introduction