Proceedings of MatricesFor IITTEP – ICoMaNSEd 2015
ISBN: 978-602-74204-0-3
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Figure 9. Diameter of stem 10 weeks after planting cm
3.2. Discussion
Plant height is one variable that is important to be observed with regard to the selection of appropriate sorghum as raw material for bioethanol. Plants that can grow tall and steady
indicates that the biomass produced from the stem also great.
Sorghum stem diameter will affect the fresh weight of sorghum. Sorghum as raw material for bioethanol course chosen with great character stem diameter, because the larger the diameter
of the stem, the content of the sap in the stem will also be greater.
Tolerance of sorghum showed significant differences. The higher the concentration of salt in the growing media, plant growth restricted. However, sorghum sufficiently tolerant to salinity.
Sorghum are experiencing salinity decreased growth. Plants that are experiencing stress due to increased salinity of salt in the soil will inhibit the formation of leaves. The number of leaves
on the plant will affect leaf area. Reduction of leaf area is one of the mechanisms of plant tolerance to saline soils are the mechanisms morphology.
Growth restriction due to salt stress was associated with reduced absorption of water and nutrients, In addition, the ions in copious amounts interfere with the metabolic processes of
plants. Toxic effects of Na and Cl from application of salt, so that inhibited cell division and enlargement and the plants will grow dwarf. At low soil moisture conditions, the unfolding of
the cells will decrease due to lower turgiditas cells Kramer 1983. This capability affect the ability of the roots to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Loss of cell turgiditas can stop
cell growth doubling and cell enlargement, causing a delay in the growth of stems and leaves Jumin 1989, resulting in reduced water supply causing photosynthesis decline.
According to Iyengar and Reddy 1994, salt stress affects growth indirectly by decreasing the speed of photosynthesis caused by stomatal closure or a direct effect of salt on photosynthesis
organ. Thus, the plants were exposed to high salt levels quickly decreased growth rate. The phenomenon is a direct consequence of metabolic disorders induced by NaCl salt. Plant
growth and success of crop production requires properties of soil conditions, including the adequacy of water and nutrient availability Pessarakli Szabolcs 2011.
0,1 0,2
0,3 0,4
0,5 0,6
0,7
0 mM 150 mM
300 mM 450 mM
D ia
m e
te r
o f
st e
m c
m
Salt concentration mM
Proceedings of MatricesFor IITTEP – ICoMaNSEd 2015
ISBN: 978-602-74204-0-3
Biology Page 436
4. Conclusion
Sorghum variety of Kawali decreased growth in the salt concentration of 300 mM and 450 mM.Sorghum has a high tolerance although growing at a salt concentration of up to 450 mM.
References
Iyengar, E.R.R., Reddy, M.P. 1994.
Crop Response to Salt Stress: Sea Water Application and Aspects.
In Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc. Jumin HB. 1989.
Ekologi Tanaman Suatu Pendekatan Fisiologi. [Plant Echology, A Physiology Approach] .
Jakarta : Rajawali Pers. [Bahasa Indonesia] Kramer, P.J. 1983.
Water Relations of Plants
. Orlando: Academic Press Inc. Levitt, J. 1980.
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Mengel, K., Kirkby, E.A. 1987.
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Moons, A.G.B., Prinsen, E., von Montagu M, van Des Straeten D. 1995. Molecular and physiology response to abscisic acid and salt in roots of salt-sensitive and salt tolerant
indica rice varieties.
Plant Physio
, Vol.107, pp.177-186. Pessarakli, M. Szabolcs, I. 2011.
Soil Salinity and Sodicity as Particular PlantCrop Stress Factors
. In: Handbook Of Plant and Crop Stress. Boca Raton: CRC Press Taylor
Francis Group.
