Proceedings of MatricesFor IITTEP – ICoMaNSEd 2015
ISBN: 978-602-74204-0-3
Biology Page 510
SECONDARY METABOLITES COMPOUNDS IN TOMBILI
Caesalpinia bonduc
L. SEEDS
Chairunnisah J. Lamangantjo
1
, Weny Musa
2
, Jusna Ahmad
1
, Suci Safitri Dg. Palalo
2
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Ma thematics and Science, State University Gorontalo, Gorontalo City, Indonesia
2
Department of Chemistry, F aculty of Mathematics and Science, State University Gorontalo, Gorontalo City, Indonesia
chairunnisahjlgmail.com
Abstract This study aims to determine and identify secondary metabolites contained in the seeds Tombili
Caesalpinia bonduc
L.. Compounds isolated by maceration and fractionation, phytochemical test, separation and purification, and identified by UV-Vis spectroscopy and IR. Samples were macerated
with 1.5 kg of methanol and produce 85.79 grams of viscous extract, fractionation of 33.34 grams of viscous extract with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water solvent each fraction produce 4.54 gram, 1.6
grams, and 9.34 grams of viscous extract respectively. Result of phytochemical test of isolates showed positive contain against flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, tannins and saponins. The results showed
that the content of the metabolites derived from the Tombili seeds be in the form of white crystals. Two-dimensional TLC test with two eluent mixture ratio that is n-hexane: ethyl acetate 9: 1 E
1
isolates with Rf 0.295 and n-hexane: MTC: acetone 7: 1: 2 isolates E
2
with Rf 0.55 produce a single spot.
Keywords: Secondary metabolites compounds,
Caesalpinia bonduc
L.
1. Introduction
Plants are a source of endless chemical compound in type and amount. As stated by Lenny 2006, that biodiversity can be defined as chemical diversity that can produce chemicals to
human needs, such as drugs, insecticides, and cosmetics. Another benefit of chemicals in plants are as herbal and botanical pesticides. The Indonesian tropical forests there are around
30,000 species of flora, and 9,600 species have been known to have medicinal properties Kusuma, et al 2005.
Almost any kind of plant in Gorontalo can be used as a traditional medicine, herbs, ingredients for cosmetics, and botanical pesticides. One of plant that is often used as a
traditional medicine and as a pesticide plant is Tombili
Caesalpinia bonduc L
.. Gorontalo society utilizing Tombili as a malaria drug and botanical pesticides to control pests of rice
plants. Tombili included in the family Caesalpiniacea, a group of spiny plant shrubs species. Spread
mainly in India, Sri Lanka, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. In India, Tombili including essential drugs for the treatment of several diseases Raghav and Singh, 2012. However, in
Indonesia people and particulary in Gorontalo society yet know the content and other benefit of Tombili. Therefore, research on compounds contained in Tombili is very necessary to
increase knowledge in order to utilize this plant for the sake of mankind.
Proceedings of MatricesFor IITTEP – ICoMaNSEd 2015
ISBN: 978-602-74204-0-3
Biology Page 511
2. Materials and Methods
Extraction methods : 1.5 kg of Tombili seed powder macerated using methanol, for obntained methanol extract. Furthermore extract is then evaporated at a temperature of 30-40ºC in order
to obtain viscous methanol extract. Viscous methanol extract was suspended with methanol: water ratio 1: 2 and partitioned successively with n-hexane, ethyl acetate to obtain each
partition of fraction. Results of the partition of fractions evaporated at a temperature of 30- 40ºC to obtained extract from n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water extract. Furthermore each
sample chemical tested
Flavonoids test: 0.1 g viscous extract dissolved in 10 ml of methanol and then divided into four test tubes. The first tube is used as a control, and the second, third and fourth tube was
added NaOH, H
2
SO
4
and Mg-HCl powder. The resulting color change of each tube will be compared with the control tube, if the color of each treatment tube difference with the control
tube, the sample tube has positive contains flavonoids Harborne, 1987. Alkaloids test. 0.1 g viscous extract dissolved in 10 ml of chloroform ammonia and the result
is divided into two test tubes. The first tube test with Hager reagent, a second tube was added 0.5 ml of H
2
SO
4
2 N. Acid layer is separated, divided into 3 test tubes and each tube testing by using a Mayer, Dragendrof and Wagner reagent. If there are sediments, the samples
positive containing alkaloids Steroids, terpenoids, and saponins test: 0.1 g viscous extract dissolved in 10 ml of diethyl
ether. Soluble portion was dropped on a plate, and added 2 drops of acetic acid anhydride and 1 drop of H
2
SO
4
. The insoluble residu in diethyl ether added with distilled water, and transferred into a test tube and add more distilled water then shake for 15 minutes. The filtrate
was taken and placed in the vaporizer cup, added with HCl and evaporated in water heater. The remaining part that forms added with diethyl ether and dropped into the plate, and then
added with 2 drops of acetic acid anhydride and 1 drop of H
2
SO
4
. If formed a bluish green color indicates steroid, brownish-red color indicates terpenoids, and if it is formed of foam
showed saponin. Tannins test: 0.1 gram viscous extract dissolved in alcohol and then put in a test tube.
Samples drops with 1 FeCl
3
solution. The positive result is indicated by the formation of bluish black color or green. Then if added H
2
SO
4
solution will be formed brown sediment Marlinda et al, 2012.
Purity test : Methanol extract result from chromatography column were tested for purity by two-dimensional chromatography thin layer using a mixture of several eluent. If isolates
continued to show a single stain patterns, it can be said that the isolates had been pure. Then characterized using Uv-Vis spectrophotometry and IR.
3. Result and Discussion
