Proceedings of MatricesFor IITTEP – ICoMaNSEd 2015
ISBN: 978-602-74204-0-3
Biology Page 446
Figure 3. The part of the plant used as raw material for medicine
Based on the information society, the kinds of plants existing drugs can be grouped into 16 types of diseases use. Judging from the number of plant medicine, disease groups highest usage cancer, skin
and malaria. On the other hand the lowest was for maternity and pregnancy Figure 4.
Figure 5. The number of species of medicinal plants is based on the type of disease
3.2. Discussion
Geographically Minahasa north is between 124 ° 40 38.39 - 125 ° 15 15.53 BT and 1 ° 17 51.93 - 1 ° 56 41.03 LU. North Minahasa tend to wet tropical climates where in the month
of May to October is the dry season and the month of November to April is the rainy season. The average temperature or the air temperature in the coastal area is the range of 28-31 ° C,
and in the residential area of the plains around 27-30 ° C. These climatic conditions and topography as well as to describe the state of North Minahasa regency as a fertile area and
potentially great for the development of centers of production of food crops, horticulture, plantation and forestry
http:www.minutkab.go.id .
North Minahasa people still use medicinal plants to treat various types of diseases. However, public knowledge about medicinal plants are not inherited thoroughly on younger generations.
Knowledge of medicinal plants and how to use it or who become informants in this study were people who had been outstanding for more than 50 years. Some species of medicinal
plants are already cultivated in the garden or yard but not done extensively or simply planted without regular maintenance. Medicinal plants used 65 still depend on nature. When
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Proceedings of MatricesFor IITTEP – ICoMaNSEd 2015
ISBN: 978-602-74204-0-3
Biology Page 447
medicinal plants generally require people who have medicinal plants, giving to those in need without asking for a fee.
Most parts of the plant used as raw material for medicine are the leaves. Initially ancient people of North Minahasa use the leaves of plants based on indigenous knowledge and trial
and error. Leaves a plant organ that plays a role in the process of photosynthesis. Thus the cells in the leaf tissue has a lot of raw materials for the formation of secondary metabolites.
Secondary metabolites in plants that treat disease activity. Therefore medicinal properties of plants known to the public based on experience and heritage from generation to generation.
Besides the leaves, also found other organs ie bark, roots and tubers.
As a mountain slope area wet tropical climate, most of the plants that grow in North Minahasa around Mount Klabat berhabitus trees, herbs and lianas. Therefore many traditional medicinal
plants used berhabitus tree and herbaceous communities. Methods of use of parts of the plant as a medicinal ingredient dominant with stew method. In addition to the stew, also by means
of ground and make ointments. Methods stew at high temperatures may damage the active compounds in medicinal plants thus reducing the pharmacological effects Mokosuli, 2008.
The use of medicinal plants based both on the type of disease prevalent degenerative diseases, infectious diseases and diseases caused by metabolic disorders. In this study found many
types of plants for the treatment of malaria, yet malaria cases in North Minahasa is low for the region of North Sulawesi. Malaria was once a frightening disease in this area around 1940 so
people know a lot of plants that are used as a source of the malaria drug.
Physiological and pharmacological influence on the plant caused by the content of the active chemical compound which is generally a result of secondary metabolism of plants. Secondary
metabolism, among others, to produce compounds phenols and phenolic acids, fenilprofanoid, tannins, flavonoids and flavonols, class compounds triterpenoids, steroids, saponins, and the
class of nitrogen compounds such as alkaloids Simbala, 2009. Alkaloids have an effect in the health field such as antihypertensive and antidiabetic mellitus. In this study, the plants
used to rnengobati high blood pressure hypertension is the avocado Persea gratissima Gaertn, parasites Langsa Loranthus Sp, gedi Abelmoschus moschatus, goroho banana
Musa Sp, and soursop Annona squamosa L While herbs used to treat diabetes mellitus is ginger Zingiber officinale Rosc and jambolang Eugenia cumini Merr. All of the above
plants positive for alkaloids, it can be estimated that the compounds can treat high blood pressure there is on the avocado, parasites Langsa, gedi, bananas goroho and soursop. While
the compounds that are active against diabetes mellitus there on ginger and jambolang. But for these things need to be done further research. According to Sakong et al., 2011, tannins
and flavonoids have antioxidant activity and may inhibit HeLa and Raji cell lymphoma. Flavonoids are also active as antitumor compounds, hypo-allergenic, antihepatotoksik,
cardiovascular and antioxidant Markham, 1988. Class of triterpenoids can be used as an anti-bacterial James and Dubery, 2009, anticancer, and to treat wounds and inflammation
Cai et al., 1992. According to Wadood
et. al.
2013, triterpenoida is a compound that is active against pecks snakes, diabetes, liver damage, skin disorders and antifungal.
Triterpenoids have the effect of treatment against malaria. According to Fransworth, 2006 saponins can reduce the risk of atherosclerosis due to its ability to bind cholesterol.
4. Conclusion
