Data of the Study and Data Source

column, utterance, shows speaker’s expressions written in italics. The fourth column classified communicative functions of phatic communication. The last column shows functions of phatic communication. The complete table analysis of phatic communication was presented in the appendices. The present researcher also added several analyses of communicative functions and functions of phatic communication in chapter IV. In this point, the analyses were discussed using data representation, for example Ap11-2 in which Ap represented Appendix, 1 meant number of appendix, and 1-2 described turn taking of speakers. The second process was focusing on each utterance from the transcribed data. The concern was to find out utterances showing phatic communication. In this case, the present researcher gave numbering list and bold certain utterances to be analyzed. The third process was categorizing utterances into communicative functions. The utterances in the numbering list were matched to and were categorized into twenty-two communicative functions. In this process, the present researcher also added the numbering list to show the analyzed utterances. The fourth process was classifying communicative functions into functions of phatic communication. In this case, the focus was on each utterance and the findings on communicative functions. Then, the present researcher classified them into eleven phatic functions excluding expressing politeness. The numbering list was also used to show the analyzed expressions. The fifth process was noting several conversational styles. The present researcher focused on each conversation and considered the findings of the graduate students ’ communicative functions and functions of phatic communication. In this process, it was found that several conversational styles appeared in their conversation. Those styles were such as topic, swear word or taboo language, and gossip. The topic of conversation was chosen because the graduate students created various topics in their conversation. The use of swear word or taboo language was also considered because the present researcher would like to find out whether men really used it. In addition, gossip was also selected because it primarily dealt with women’s style. The last process was drawing conclusion. It was done to find out the typical conversation produced by the graduate students in batch 2015. In addition, the conclusion reflected the graduate students’ capability in applying phatic communication. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 46 CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION This chapter is focused on the three research questions in the problem formulation. The first part explores the communicative functions in the graduate students’ conversation. The second part discusses the functions of phatic communication. The third part presents the ways or the typical conversation styles the graduate students use language differently related to the communicative functions or functions of phatic communication.

A. Communicative Functions

The communicative functions found in the graduate students ’ conversation in English language studies of Sanata Dharma University in batch 2015 were in the form of utterances. The utterances were expressed variously depending on topics and contexts, hence communicative functions might be various. In this point, the graduate students expressed their feelings and thoughts, but they might not perform all communicative functions. The analysis shows that the graduate students performed eighteen out of twenty-two communicative functions. They produced avoiding the silence when talking, expressing listening noises, changing the topic of conversation, agreeing on something, joking, mentioning names or titles, giving compliments, parting, saying bad words, mocking, greeting, thanking, expressing wishes, pacifying, encouraging, sympathizing, and apologizing to open conversation. To get the details, the present researcher provides the distribution of communicative functions arranged in the following table. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI