Interruption Women and Men’s Conversational Styles

the way of the English learners sustain communication, the functions of phatic communication, the reasons of using phatic communications, and the differences of the use of phatic communication. In this case, she focuses on a couple of female students and a couple of male students in casual dialogues under study. The results show that based on Fine 2005:47-48, the English learners sustain communication by showing interest, easing communication, and finding a point of agreement. The English learners also use phatic expressions to sustain the talk, to express hospitality, to make chit-chat, to create comfort, to express friendship, to start the talk, to express solidarity, to make gossip, to break silence, and to express empathy. The reasons are created to be polite in society, to establish good rapport, to maintain social relationship, to become friendly, to convey expressions, and to get information. The differences of the two dialogues show that the female st udents’ dialogue had various topics and had more phatic expressions than the male students’ dialogue. The fourth study has been done by Sitohang 2012 in Phatic Expressions between Indonesians and Foreigners in the Casual Conversations. Her study is also related to phatic communication. She focuses on the topics in the conversation, the different way to sustain communication, and the functions of phatic communication. In this point, she divides the speakers into three groups of conversation. The conversations are between an Indonesian interpreter and a Libyan, between an employee and Wales, and between a student and a German. She observes and analyzes the conversations. The result shows that the topics are various, like country, occupation, business, study, family, customer, closing, planning, introduction, domicile, opinion, food, ability, comparison, duration, hobby, activity, asking agreement, movie, and politics. In addition, the ways to sustain communication are showing interest, easing communication, and finding a point of agreement. She finds that there is no any difference way in sustaining communication. The result also shows that the participants communicate to serve phatic functions. Those are sustaining or keeping the talk, making chit-chat, expressing solidarity, expressing friendship, expressing hospitality, breaking the silence, making gossip, creating harmony, creating comfort, starting the talk, and expressing empathy. The fifth study has been conducted by Xia 2013 entitled Gender Differences in Using Language. The purpose of the study is to explore men and women’ differences from the aspects of pronunciation, intonation, vocabulary, syntax, manners, attitudes, non-verbal differences, and topic selection. Besides, she also intends to see the changes of those differences. The results show that men and women have several differences. First, women pronounce better than men do. Second, men tend to use falling intonation showing confidence and power while women’s intonation shows rising intonation to show gentleness, but this intonation might also show lack of confidence. Third, men and women like to use different vocabulary in color words, adjectives, adverbs, swear words and expletives, diminutives, and pronouns. Fourth, different gender has different grammar in modulation, interrogative sentences, imperatives sentences, and correctness of grammar. Fifth, women tend to use standard form than men do. Sixth, women are more patient than men are, and they wait other’s