asked such question to Hayu in order to make sure that Hayu was alright at that moment.
The couple of a male and a female student, Al and Esti, also produced different way to start conversation. In this case, Esti expressed apologizing to
open contact with Al. The conversation can be seen in the following excerpt. Excerpt 61
Context : Al and Esti were outside the classroom waiting
for a lecture. Esti
: Pardon me Ehm…my name is Esti. And
what’s your name? Al
: Ehm…My name is Al. Ehm… = are you… = Ap61-2
Based on the excerpt of the conversation, Esti and Al did not really know each other. Since Esti wanted to know him, she tried to start the conversation first.
She expressed apologizing to start conversation. It can be stated that she expressed her respect that
she was afraid of disturbing Al’s activity. Therefore, she apologized in case she was wrong.
7. Avoiding the Silence, Breaking the Silence, or Saying Something Obligatory
This function aims to avoid the silence when there is silent moment. In this case, Malinowski 1923:314 explains that avoiding silence is the main goal
engaging in phatic talk. Therefore, there must be several phatic expressions included in this function. Those expressions are greeting, parting, mentioning
names or titles, and commenting on something obvious Jumanto, 2014:11-13. It appeared in conversation created by the couple of male students and the
two couples of a male and a female student. The frequency of avoiding the silence PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
is 14 presenting 1.3. The present researcher found that they used it in different ways. They mostly used questions and fillers in conversation.
The finding shows that the conversation between Aan and Mello has another way of avoiding the silence, that is, questioning. One of them used question after
the silence. The conversation can be illustrated as follows. Excerpt 62
Context : Aan and Mello were gossiping one of their
friends, Idris. Then, suddenly the silence appeared.
Aan and Mello : [silent]
Mello : The one who laughs a lot?
Aan : Yeah. Ap229-30
Excerpt 62 shows that there was a silent moment in conversation between male students. One of them tried to break the silence by questioning. It shows that
he tried to add information gossiping about someone. In this case, question is one of the ways to avoid the silence.
The conversation produced by Socrates and Rose also shows the function of avoiding the silence. The filler was produced to avoid the silence in conversation.
The conversation is illustrated in the following excerpt. Excerpt 63
Context : Socrates discussed the word assumption in
Rose’s statement. Socrates was still thinking about the word. Rose, then, found the word
prediction.
Socrates : Prediction is a kind of assumption, I think.
Rose : Oh Alright.
Socrates and Rose : [silent]
Socrates : Ehm…
Rose : What are you going to do after this,
Socrates? Ap5140-143
The conversation shows that they talked about a word, prediction. Socrates assumed that prediction is the same as assumption. Rose herself tried to agree
Socrates’ opinion. Suddenly, the silent moment appeared in their conversation. Then, Socrates produced filler Ehm to avoid the silence in the middle of the talk.
This expression is to break the silence, that is, to continue the talk.
8. Expressing Friendship or Camaraderie
Expressing friendship aims to show that speakers and listeners have good relationship and have already known the characteristic. This function also shows
that people should encourage, give feedback or opinions, and give advice to others Gabor and Power, 2011:124. The expressions including expressing friendship
are expressing wishes, congratulating, agreeing on something, apologizing, thanking, giving compliments, criticizing indirectly, saying bad words, mocking,
joking, pacifying someone, encouraging, and sympathizing Jumanto, 2014:11- 13.
The analysis reveals that the conversation created by the couple of males, and the couple of a male and a female student shows the function of expressing
friendship. It has been found that 14 utterances showing 1.3 appeared in conversation. One of the expressions used was mocking found in the conversation
between Socrates and Rose. The conversation can be illustrated in excerpt 64. Excerpt 64
Context : Socrates told about the way to play the game.
Rose argued that the size of the game was so big,
then it could make her cellphone error. Rose
: And it makes my phone hang. Hang? [laughing] What
is hang in English actually? PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
