Kesimpulan Saran KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

BAB VI KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

6.1 Kesimpulan

1. Spesies tumbuhan asing invasif di Cagar Alam Kamojang teridentifikasi sebanyak 13 spesies dari 8 famili yaitu Ageratum conyzoides Asteraceae, Rubus moluccanus Rosaceae, Clidemia hirta Melastomaceae, Cynodon dactylon Poaceae, Panicum repens Poaceae, Mimosa pudica Fabaceae, Mimosa pigra Fabaceae, Austroeupatorium inulifolium Asteraceae, Passiflora edulis Passifloraceae, Lantana camara Verbenaceae, Mikania micrantha Asteraceae, Piper aduncum Piperaceae dan Ageratina riparia Asteraceae. Berdasarkan indeks nilai pentingnya, spesies tumbuhan invasif yang mendominasi di Cagar Alam Kamojang terdiri dari A. inulifolium 67,37, A. riparia 46,15 dan L. camara 15,37. 2. Pola sebaran spasial spesies tumbuhan asing invasif berdasarkan indeks Morisita dan hasil interpolasi IDW cenderung mengelompok pada kondisi kawasan yang relatif terbuka kecuali untuk spesies A. inulifolium yang menyebar secara merata di Cagar Alam Kamojang. 3. Faktor jarak dari jalan hanya mempengaruhi sebaran jumlah individu A. inulifolium dengan model persamaan y = 20,911 + 0,055x, sedangkan faktor jarak dari jalan tidak mempengaruhi sebaran jumlah individu spesies A. riparia dan L. camara di Cagar Alam Kamojang.

6.2 Saran

1. Perlu dilakukan upaya pengendalian secara manual terhadap spesies tumbuhan asing invasif terutama spesies A. inulifolium, A. riparia dan L. camara di lokasi yang memiliki permudaan spesies pohon lokal di Cagar Alam Kamojang. 2. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan mengenai distribusi spesies tumbuhan asing invasif berdasarkan ketinggian tempat dan kondisi keterbukaan lahan. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Abraham M, Abraham PT, Joy PJ. 2002. Natural Enemies on Mikania micrantha H.B.K. in Kerala. Journal of Tropical agriculture 40: 39-41. http:www.jtropag.inindex.phpojsarticle...78 [25 September 2011]. Alpert P, Bone E, Holzapel C. 2000. Invasiveness, Invasibility and The Role of Environmental Stress in The Spread of Non-native Plants. Perspektive in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 3 1: 52 - 66. http:www.sciencedirect.comsciencearticlepii [24 Juni 2011]. Ang WF, Lok AFSL, Chong KY, Ng BYQ, Suen SM, Tan HTW. 2010. The Distribution and Status in Singapore of Rubus moluccanus L. var. Angulosus Kalkman Rosaceae. Nature in Singapore 3: 91-97. [Anonim]. 2005. Rencana Pengelolaan Cagar Alam Kawah Kamojang Tahun 2005-2030. Jakarta: Departemen Kehutanan Republik Indonesia. [Anonim]. 2011. Biological Control of Weeds: Southeast Asean Prospect Mimosa pudica L. Panicum repens L.. http:www .aciar.gov.aufiles…MN2620Part208.pdf. [20 September 2011]. Barton J, Fawlor SV, Gianotti AF, Winks CJ, Beurs M, Arnold GC, Forrester G. 2007. Successful Biological Control of Mist Flower Ageratina riparia in New Zealand: Agent Establishment, Impact and Benefits to The Native Flora. Bilogical Control 40: 370-385. http:www.sciencedirect.comscienceartclepiiS1049964406002581 [25 September 2011]. Beilfuss R. 2007. Adaptive Management of The Invasive Shrub Mimosa pigra at Gorongosa National Park. Department of Scientific Services. http:www.files.gorongosa.net...582.pdf [20 September 2011]. Bosu PP, Apertorgbor MM, Refera A. 2009. Ecology and Management of tropical africa’s Forest invaders. 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Benying Meliaceae Pohon 6 Pinanga coronata Bl Ex. Bingbin Arecaceae Perdu 7 Tetraglochidium bibracteatum Bl. Bubukuan Acanthaceae Terna 8 Polygonum chinensis L. Bumbrun Polygonaceae Terna Berkayu 9 Smilax leucophylla Bl. Canar Smilacaceae Liana 10 Pandanus furcatus Roxb. Cangkuang Arecaceae Perdu 11 Begonia robusta Bl. Cariang Begoniaceae Terna 12 Physalis peruviana L. Cecenet Solanaceae Semak 13 Macropanax sp Cerem Araliaceae Pohon 14 Curculigo capitulata Lour. Kuntze. Congkok Amaryllidaceae Terna 15 Pogostemon cablin Benth Dilem Lamiaceae Terna 16 Phytolacca octandra L. Gandola Phytolacaceae Terna 17 Rubus moluccanus L. Harees Rosaceae Semak 18 Melastoma malabathricum L. Harendong biasa Melastomataceae Perdu 19 Clidemia hirta L. D. Don Harendong bulu Melastomataceae Perdu 20 Melastoma polyanthum Bl. Harendong pohon Melastomataceae Perdu 21 Castanopsis sp Hiur Fagaceae Pohon 22 Calamus sp Hoe Arecaceae Perdu 23 Actinodaphne sphaeocarpa Ness. Huru Lauraceae Pohon No Spesies Nama Lokal Famili Habitus 24 Persea rimosa Kostern Huru leer Lauraceae Pohon 25 Eleusine indica L. Gaerth Jampang Poaceae Terna 26 Cynodon dactylon L. Pers Jampang kawat Poaceae Terna 27 Panicum colonum L. Jampang piit Poaceae Terna 28 Trevesia sundaica Miq. Jangkurang Araliaceae Pohon 29 Panicum repens L. Jukut lempuyang Poaceae Terna 30 Mimosa pudica L. Jukut riut Fabaceae Semak 31 Ipomoea digitata L. Kalayar Convolvulaceae Liana 32 Calliandra haematocephala Hassk. Kaliandra Fabaceae Pohon 33 Mimosa pigra L. Kalimusa Fabaceae Perdu 34 Homalanthus populneus Giesel. Pax. Karembi Euphorbiaceae Pohon 35 Saccharum spontaneum L. Kaso Poaceae Terna 36 Chloranthus afficiannalius BI. Keras tulang Piperaceae Perdu 37 Saurauia pendula BI. Ki leho Actinidiaceae Pohon 38 Cinnamomum sp Ki teja Lauraceae Pohon 39 Acer laurinum Hassk. Kibadak Aceraceae Pohon 40 Viburnum sambucin BI. Kiberem Caprifoliaceae Pohon 41 Alangium begonifolium King Kicareh Alangiaceae Pohon 42 Engelhardia spicata Bl. Kihujan Juglandaceae Pohon 43 Evonimus javanicus BI. Kikeyep Rubiaceae Pohon 44 Hypobathrum prutescens Baill Kikopi Rubiaceae Pohon 45 Austroeupatorium inulifolium Kunth R. M. King H. Rob Kirinyuh Asteraceae Semak 46 Syzygium zeylanicum L. DC. Kisireum Myrtaceae Pohon 47 Passiflora ligularis Juss Konyal Passifloraceae Terna merambat 48 Brugmansia candida Pers. Kucubung Solanaceae Perdu Lanjutan lampiran 1 No Spesies Nama Lokal Famili Habitus 49 Trema orientalis L. BI. Kuray Ulmaceae Pohon 50 Sambucus javanica Reinw.ex Bl. Kurniah Caprifoliaceae Semak 51 Schismatoglottis calptrtata Zoll. Moore Lumpuy Araceae Terna 52 Magnolia blumei Prantl. Manglid Magloniaceae Pohon 53 Macaranga tanarius L. M.A. Mara Euphorbiaceae Pohon 54 Passiflora edulis Sims. Nagri Passifloraceae Terna merambat 55 Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. Nangka Moraceae Pohon 56 Villebrunea rubescens Bl. Nangsi Urticaceae Pohon 57 Dicranopteris linearis Burm. Undrew Pakis andam Gleicheniaceae Semak 58 Alsophila glauca Bl. J.Sm Paku bagedor Cyatheaceae Terna 59 Angiopteris evecta Forst Hoffm. Paku munding Marattiaceae Terna 60 Diplazium esculentum Swartz. Paku sayur Athyriaceae Terna 61 Drynaria rigidula Swartz. Bedd. Paku uncal Polypodiaceae Terna 62 Quercus sundaica Bl. Pasang Fagaceae Pohon 63 Ficus sp Peer Moraceae Liana 64 Musa acuminata Colla Pisang kole Musaceae Terna 65 Dysoxylum alliaceum BI Pisitan monyet Meliaceae Pohon 66 Pilea melastomoides Poir. Bl Poh-pohan Urticaceae Terna 67 Laportea stimulans L.f. Gaud.ex Miq Pulus Urticaceae Pohon 68 Schima wallichii DC. Korth Puspa Theaceae Pohon 69 Altingia excelsa Noronha Rasamala Altingiaceae Pohon 70 Lantana camara L. Saliara Verbenaceae Perdu 71 Castanopsis argentea A.DC. Saninten Fagaceae Pohon 72 Mikania micrantha H.B.K Sembung rambat Asteraceae Terna 73 Piper aduncum L. Seserehan Piperaceae Perdu Lanjutan lampiran 1 No Spesies Nama Lokal Famili Habitus 74 Sida rhombifolia L. Sidagori Malvaceae Semak 75 Crassocephalum crepidioides Benth. S.Moore Sintrong Asteraceae Terna 76 Cinchona succiruba PAV. Sulibra Rubiaceae Pohon 77 Toona sureni Merr. Suren Meliaceae Pohon 78 Commelina nudiflora Brn. F Tali said Commelinaceae Terna 79 Claoxylum indicum Reinw. Talingkup Euphorbiaceae Pohon 80 Sloanea sigun Bl. Szysr. Tebe Tiliaceae Pohon 81 Carex baccans Nees. Teki Cyperaceae Terna 82 Ageratina riparia Regel R. King and H. Robinson Teklan Asteraceae Semak 83 Amomum coccineum Bl. K. Schum. Tepus Zingiberaceae Tepus 84 Fleurya interrupta L. Gaudich Tereptep Urticaceae Terna 85 Debregeasia longifolia Burm. f. Wedd Totongoan Urticaceae Perdu 86 Ficus ribes Reinw. Walen Moraceae Pohon Lanjutan lampiran 1 Lampiran 2 Hasil perhitungan INP pada setiap tingkat pertumbuhan 1. Tingkat semai dan habitus No Spesies ∑ Individu ∑ Petak K Indha KR F FR INP Pi Ln Pi Pi.Ln Pi H niN² 1 Imperata cylindrica L. Beauv. 311 22 15550 8.37 0.44 4.97 13.33 0.0667 -2.708 -0.181 3.268 0.007001 2 Dendrobium crumenatum Swartz 1 1 50 0.03 0.02 0.23 0.25 0.0013 -6.674 -0.008 0.000000 3 Ageratum conyzoides L. 103 11 5150 2.77 0.22 2.48 5.25 0.0263 -3.639 -0.096 0.000768 4 Ficus fistulosa Reinw. ex Bl. 2 2 100 0.05 0.04 0.45 0.51 0.0025 -5.981 -0.015 0.000000 5 Tetraglochidium bibracteatum Bl. 86 5 4300 2.31 0.10 1.13 3.44 0.0172 -4.062 -0.070 0.000535 6 Smilax leucophylla Bl. 84 20 4200 2.26 0.40 4.51 6.77 0.0339 -3.385 -0.115 0.000511 7 Pandanus furcatus Roxb. 2 2 100 0.05 0.04 0.45 0.51 0.0025 -5.981 -0.015 0.000000 8 Begonia robusta Bl. 7 1 350 0.19 0.02 0.23 0.41 0.0021 -6.180 -0.013 0.000004 9 Physalis peruviana L. 9 2 450 0.24 0.04 0.45 0.69 0.0035 -5.664 -0.020 0.000006 10 Macropanax sp 4 2 200 0.11 0.04 0.45 0.56 0.0028 -5.880 -0.016 0.000001 11 Curculigo capitulata Lour. Kuntze 38 13 1900 1.02 0.26 2.93 3.96 0.0198 -3.923 -0.078 0.000105 12 Pogostemon cablin Benth 175 11 8750 4.71 0.22 2.48 7.19 0.0360 -3.325 -0.120 0.002217 13 Phytolacca octandra L. 5 1 250 0.13 0.02 0.23 0.36 0.0018 -6.319 -0.011 0.000002 14 Rubus moluccanus L. 34 10 1700 0.91 0.20 2.26 3.17 0.0159 -4.144 -0.066 0.000084 15 Melastoma malabathricum L. 34 11 1700 0.91 0.22 2.48 3.40 0.0170 -4.075 -0.069 0.000084 16 Clidemia hirta L. D. Don 150 21 7500 4.04 0.42 4.74 8.78 0.0439 -3.126 -0.137 0.001629 17 Castanopsis sp 1 1 50 0.03 0.02 0.23 0.25 0.0013 -6.674 -0.008 0.000000 18 Calamus sp 5 2 250 0.13 0.04 0.45 0.59 0.0029 -5.833 -0.017 0.000002 19 Eleusine indica L. Gaerth 6 2 300 0.16 0.04 0.45 0.61 0.0031 -5.788 -0.018 0.000003 20 Cynodon dactylon L. Pers 112 17 5600 3.01 0.34 3.84 6.85 0.0343 -3.374 -0.116 0.000908 21 Panicum colonum L. 43 7 2150 1.16 0.14 1.58 2.74 0.0137 -4.291 -0.059 0.000134 No Spesies ∑ Individu ∑ Petak K Indha KR F FR INP Pi Ln Pi Pi.Ln Pi H niN² 22 Trevesia sundaica Miq. 46 12 2300 1.24 0.24 2.71 3.95 0.0197 -3.926 -0.077 0.000153 23 Panicum repens L. 66 10 3300 1.78 0.20 2.26 4.03 0.0202 -3.904 -0.079 0.000315 24 Mimosa pudica L. 46 4 2300 1.24 0.08 0.90 2.14 0.0107 -4.537 -0.049 0.000153 25 Ipomoea digitata L. 8 1 400 0.22 0.02 0.23 0.44 0.0022 -6.117 -0.013 0.000005 26 Calliandra haematocephala Hassk. 16 3 800 0.43 0.06 0.68 1.11 0.0055 -5.196 -0.029 0.000019 27 Mimosa pigra L. 44 4 2200 1.18 0.08 0.90 2.09 0.0104 -4.563 -0.048 0.000140 28 Chloranthus afficiannalius BI. 143 19 7150 3.85 0.38 4.29 8.14 0.0407 -3.202 -0.130 0.001480 29 Viburnum sambucin BI. 1 1 50 0.03 0.02 0.23 0.25 0.0013 -6.674 -0.008 0.000000 30 Alangium begonifolium King 2 1 100 0.05 0.02 0.23 0.28 0.0014 -6.573 -0.009 0.000000 31 Hypobathrum prutescens Baill. 1 1 50 0.03 0.02 0.23 0.25 0.0013 -6.674 -0.008 0.000000 32 Passiflora ligularis Juss. 133 20 6650 3.58 0.40 4.51 8.09 0.0405 -3.207 -0.130 0.001280 33 Brugmansia candida Pers. 50 7 2500 1.35 0.14 1.58 2.93 0.0146 -4.225 -0.062 0.000181 34 Schismatoglottis calptrtata Zoll. Moore 69 7 3450 1.86 0.14 1.58 3.44 0.0172 -4.064 -0.070 0.000345 35 Magnolia blumei Prantl 2 2 100 0.05 0.04 0.45 0.51 0.0025 -5.981 -0.015 0.000000 36 Macaranga tanarius L. M.A. 1 1 50 0.03 0.02 0.23 0.25 0.0013 -6.674 -0.008 0.000000 37 Passiflora edulis Sims. 44 12 2200 1.18 0.24 2.71 3.89 0.0195 -3.939 -0.077 0.000140 38 Villebrunea rubescens Bl. 11 5 550 0.30 0.10 1.13 1.42 0.0071 -4.944 -0.035 0.000009 39 Dicranopteris linearis Burm. Undrew 55 14 2750 1.48 0.28 3.16 4.64 0.0232 -3.764 -0.087 0.000219 40 Diplazium esculentum Swartz. 9 3 450 0.24 0.06 0.68 0.92 0.0046 -5.382 -0.025 0.000006 41 Drynaria rigidula Swartz. Bedd 5 2 250 0.13 0.04 0.45 0.59 0.0029 -5.833 -0.017 0.000002 42 Musa acuminata Colla 5 2 250 0.13 0.04 0.45 0.59 0.0029 -5.833 -0.017 0.000002 43 Dysoxylum alliaceum BI. 9 3 450 0.24 0.06 0.68 0.92 0.0046 -5.382 -0.025 0.000006 44 Pilea melastomoides Poir. Bl. 38 3 1900 1.02 0.06 0.68 1.70 0.0085 -4.768 -0.041 0.000105 Lanjutan lampiran 2 semai dan tumbuhan bawah No Spesies ∑ Individu ∑ Petak K Indha KR F FR INP Pi Ln Pi Pi.Ln Pi H niN² 45 Laportea stimulans L.f. Gaud.ex Miq. 14 6 700 0.38 0.12 1.35 1.73 0.0087 -4.750 -0.041 0.000014 46 Mikania micrantha H.B.K 86 20 4300 2.31 0.40 4.51 6.83 0.0341 -3.377 -0.115 0.000535 47 Piper aduncum L. 77 17 3850 2.07 0.34 3.84 5.91 0.0295 -3.522 -0.104 0.000429 48 Sida rhombifolia L. 17 3 850 0.46 0.06 0.68 1.13 0.0057 -5.172 -0.029 0.000021 49 Crassocephalum crepidioides Benth. S. Moore 10 3 500 0.27 0.06 0.68 0.95 0.0047 -5.354 -0.025 0.000007 50 Commelina nudiflora Brn. F. 49 12 2450 1.32 0.24 2.71 4.03 0.0201 -3.905 -0.079 0.000174 51 Claoxylum indicum Reinw. 1 1 50 0.03 0.02 0.23 0.25 0.0013 -6.674 -0.008 0.000000 52 Carex baccans Nees. 66 21 3300 1.78 0.42 4.74 6.52 0.0326 -3.424 -0.112 0.000315 53 Ageratina riparia Regel R. King and H. Robinson 1321 47 66050 35.54 0.94 10.61 46.15 0.2307 -1.466 -0.338 0.126305 54 Amomum coccineum Bl. K. Schum. 21 4 1050 0.56 0.08 0.90 1.47 0.0073 -4.914 -0.036 0.000032 55 Fleurya interrupta L. Gaudich 28 4 1400 0.75 0.08 0.90 1.66 0.0083 -4.794 -0.040 0.000057 56 Debregeasia longifolia Burm. f. Wedd. 8 3 400 0.22 0.06 0.68 0.89 0.0045 -5.412 -0.024 0.000005 57 Ficus ribes Reinw. 3 1 150 0.08 0.02 0.23 0.31 0.0015 -6.481 -0.010 0.000001 Total 3717 185850 100