Academic Legitimacy City Branding Positioning
2.2. Academic Legitimacy
By the late 1930s, there were changes in management and business education. The changes included the types of subjects and even the design of curriculum. In addition to subjects such as, accounting, economics, banking, finance, marketing, statistics and management, new courses, such as business organisation and law were introduced Starkey Tiratsoo 2007. Subject related to practical skills including secretarial skills and journalism were less offered. A significant change occurred when two reports from the Ford Foundation and the Carnegie Corporation in 1959 were published. Written by two scholars, Gordon and Howell, the reports revealed that industry demanded more qualified persons with a strong leadership, equipped with adequate knowledge and competence, and able to keep pace with changes in business. However, the existing curriculum of management and business education was not sufficient to accomplish this demand because it was too vocational in general “with mediocre students and second-rate teachers” Crainer Dearlove 1998, p. 11. The need for professional managers and strategic thinkers was growing, but the institutions failed to meet the needs. In this period, management and business education was accused as lacked of academy legitimacy since there were little respects from academia Cotton et al. 2001. The reports recommended that as a part of academic institutions, management and business education needed to adopt and teach management science approaches within their courses, conducted research and undertook a goal-achievement process in an academic atmosphere Chia Holt 2008; Khurana 2007. Both reports suggested that management and business education needed to rethink how to return the institution to its initial aim to create a profession through a professional education. For this purpose, the reports recommended that the curriculum should be redefined and research should be conducted on a rigorous and scientific basis Khurana 2007. The impact of the reports was a quest for an academic acknowledgment. From 1959, business and management education struggled to redesign their teaching and research method. Subjects were delivered based on scientific and theoretical approaches Khurana 2007; Pfeffer Fong 2002; Schoemaker 2008. Quantitative analysis and statistical methodologies were extensively adopted and to be seen as the most legitimate form of research in management and business education Clarke 2008; Khurana 2007. To support the quest of academic legitimacy, the AACSB paid more attention by renewing set of standards for management and business education, such as accreditation and ranking system. In this context, the AACSB considered the number of scholarly articles published by management and business institutions to be one of accreditation criteria.2.3. The Beginning of Debate
Parts
» Challenges and Strategies for Management and Business Education: Addressing the Case of Relevance
» BACKGROUND Methodelogy Research methodology for this study using
» CONCLUSIONS AND REFERENCE Effectiveness
» Customer Orientation and quality of customer relationships
» RESEARCH METHODS MEASUREMENT Learning Orientation and the quality of the sales relationship
» Validity The main objective validity and reliability is to test
» INTRODUCTION Future Research Some future research agenda formulated by the
» THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND Future Research Some future research agenda formulated by the
» Framing Theory Message Framing
» The Effects of Message Framing on Persuasion Differential Effects of Positive and Negative
» Need For Cognition The Moderating Effects of Need For Cognition
» Experimental Study Participants Operational Definition of Research Variables
» Validity Testing Research Variables Reliability Test
» DISCUSSIONS Research Hypothesis Testing
» RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS, Research Hypothesis Testing
» INTRODUCTION Research Hypothesis Testing
» Epitemology City Branding Positioning
» Acer Toshiba Asus HP Lenovo Apple Dell
» Samsung Axio Sony Business performance The main source for the company to achieve
» THEORY AND HYPOTHESES DEVELOPMENT
» Quality of Service influence on Trust Quality of Service Influence on Relationship Commitment
» THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK Trust Influence on Relationship Commitment
» RESEARCH METHOD ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
» CONCLUSION Discussion Based on the test results of the overall model is said to
» INTRODUCTION Discussion Based on the test results of the overall model is said to
» BASIC THEORY 1 Management Information Systems
» MEASUREMENTS OF OPERATIONAL Object of Research Researchers take the object of research in Private
» QUALITY INSTRUMENTS TEST DATA ANALYSIS
» RESEARCH PROCESS Object of Research Researchers take the object of research in Private
» INTRODUCTION Effect of dissatisfaction with the
» Social Legitimacy City Branding Positioning
» Academic Legitimacy City Branding Positioning
» Redesign the curriculum City Branding Positioning
» CONCLUSION ACKNOWLEDGMENT REFERENCES Redesign the pedagogical strategies
» BACKGROUND Redesign the pedagogical strategies
» THEORETICAL REVIEW Redesign the pedagogical strategies
» Research Method Redesign the pedagogical strategies
» Results and Discussion Redesign the pedagogical strategies
» Conclusion, Limitation of Research
» FIQH OF WAQF Redesign the pedagogical strategies
» WAQF MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION IN NEGERI SEMBILAN
» MAINS Waqf Fund Cash Waqf Scheme Waqf An-Nur Clinic and Dialysis Center
» SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Joint Cooperation between MAINSPWNS and Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
» INTRODUCTION Joint Cooperation between MAINSPWNS and Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
» DEVELOPMENT OF HALAL INDUSTRY AND ISLAMIC FINANCE
» HALAL COMPLIANCE Joint Cooperation between MAINSPWNS and Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
» ISLAMIC FINANCE Joint Cooperation between MAINSPWNS and Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
» RESEARCH METHOD AND DATA COLLECTION FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION Background of the Company
» SUMMARY Joint Cooperation between MAINSPWNS and Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
» BACKGROUND Joint Cooperation between MAINSPWNS and Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
» Problem Formulation Research Objectives Benefits Research
» Definition of Good Publick Governance GPG Definition of Balanced Scorecard Hospital Definition
» Relations Public Service and Good Quality of Operational Definition of Variables
» Data Validity and Reliability
» Conclusion Suggestions Hypothesis Testing
» LITERATURE REVIEW 1 Service Culture
» RESEARCH METHOD 1 Research Design
» RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1
» STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING There are two steps that need to be done in testing
» CONCLUSION AND LIMITATION This study having two objectives that wants to achieve,
» INTRODUCTION Method of Data Analysis Data analysis tool used in this study is Exploratory
» LITERATURE REVIEW Method of Data Analysis Data analysis tool used in this study is Exploratory
» METHODS Method of Data Analysis Data analysis tool used in this study is Exploratory
» DISCUSSION Method of Data Analysis Data analysis tool used in this study is Exploratory
» CONCLUSION REFFRENCE Method of Data Analysis Data analysis tool used in this study is Exploratory
» Unified Knowledge Sharing Popularity of knowledge management KM has
» Strategic Human Resource Roles Perspectives on current HR is creating an entirely new
» Organizational Innovation Innovation is imperative for organizations to always
» CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE MODEL
» INTRODUCTION Perceived Organizational Support HR management should be responsible for the
» BASIC THEORY 1 Job Satisfaction
» The Relationship SHRM Roles with Compensation Justice
» Person Organization Fit P-O Fit
» FORMULATION OF PROPOSITION 1 The Influence of Person-Organization Fit to
» The Influence of Person-Organization Fit to Organizational Commitment Population and Sample
» RESEARCH PROCESS CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION OF MANAGEMENT BIBLIOGRAPHY
» INTRODUCTION LITERATURE REVIEW Individual behaviour framework.
» PREVIOUS STUDY HYPOTHESIS: RESEARCH MODEL
» OPERATIONAL DEFINITION AND MEASUREMENT VARIABLES
» DATA ANALYSIS SUGGESTION AND LIMITATION
» DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Data Source and Data Collection Techniques
» INTRODUCTION Data Source and Data Collection Techniques
» Islamic Work Ethics Commitment Organizational
» Affective commitment Normative commitment Normative commitment is an obligatory feeling to stay
» Islamic Islamic Work Ethics and Job Satisfaction
» Intrinsic Motivation and Job Satisfaction Islamic Work Ethics and Commitment
» QUALITY INSTRUMENTS TEST DATA ANALYSIS RESEARCH PROCESS
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