In datum 37, the term pari refers to an address term used to call a beautiful woman which is originated from Afghanistan culture. According to
the glossary of foreign terms in The Kite Runner, pari is defined as a fairy or angel. It is considered as a CSI because the term refers to a custom originated
from Afghanistan culture and it is unfamiliar term in the target language and culture.
In datum 44, the abbreviation of INS refers to an organization which serves the people to get admission to stay in a new country. The abbreviation
of INS Immigration Naturalization Service is an agency in the Department of Justice that enforces laws and regulations for the admission of foreign-born
persons to the United States freedictionary.com. The abbreviation of INS is considered as a CSI because it is an institutional term that reflects the political
and social life of a country. It falls under the organization classification set by Newmark.
In datum 58, the term khastegari refers to a custom which is originated from Afghanistan culture. According to the glossary of foreign terms in The
Kite Runner , khastegari
is a suitor‘s official visitation to a prospective mate‘s family usually accompanied by his mother, sister, or khala to propose
marriage. It is considered as a CSI because the term reflects the custom and the social life of a community in certain countries and it is unfamiliar in the
target language and culture. It falls under the custom classification set by Newmark.
e. Gestures and Habits
Gestures and Habits are included as category since gestures and habits from one culture may differ from other cultures, Newmark points out that
gestures and habits are often described in ‗non-cultural‘ language Newmark, 1988. It is the least type of CSIs found in this research. There are only 2 data
or 2.5 found under this category in this research. The examples can be seen in data 38 and 45.
―The rest of them – ―he used to wave his hand and make a phht sounds
―– they‘re like gossiping old women.‖Datum 38 He disappeared and reappeared behind the people moving between us;
squealing blue-clad girls hugging, crying, boys high-fiving their fathers, each other. Datum 45
In datum 38, the term gossiping refers to a habit which is usually done by woman. The term gossiping is derived from the word gossip plus suffix
– ing
and it is defined by Cambridge Advanced Learner‟s Dictionaries 3
rd
Edition as a conversation or reports about other people‘s private lives which
might be unkind, disapproving or not true. It is considered as a CSI due to the tem indicates as a habit which is originated from a certain culture and country.
It falls under gesture and habit classification set by Newmark. In datum 45, the term high-fiving refers to a gesture which is
originated from certain countries and cultures. The term high five is defined by
Cambridge Advanced Learner‟s Dictionary 3
rd
Edition as a greeting or an
expression of admiration in which two people each raise a hand above their
shoulder and bring the fronts of their hands together with force. It is considered as a CSI due to it is unfamiliar term in the target language and
culture. It falls under gesture classification set by Newmark.
2. The Techniques and Ideologies in Translating the Culture-Specific
Items
This part combines the discussion of the data based on the second and third formulated problem. It aims to analyze the techniques and ideologies
used by the translator in translating CSIs in the source novel to the target novel. Adopting
Jaleniauskienė and Čičelytė‘s classification of ideology, the following elaborations of translation techniques are divided into two groups of
ideologies, namely foreignisation and domestication ideology.
a. Foreignisation Ideology
According to Jaleniauskienė and Čičelytė‘s model, foreignisation
ideology shares two translation techniques, namely preservation and addition technique. Examples and elaborations of each technique as well as its sub-
categories are elaborated below.
1 Preservation
Preservation technique is quite similar to the process of lexical borrowing, when an item from one language is borrowed by another language.
By applying this technique, the translator allows the target readers to experience the closest they can get to the ST culture through its unaltered
