Foreignisation and Domestication Ideology
The classification of Davies‘ techniques in the light of foreignisation and domestication can be seen in Table 1.
Table 1. Taxonomies of Davies’ Techniques Related to Foreignisation and
Domestication
Foreignisation Domestication
Preservation Omission
Addition Globalisation
Localisation Transformation
Creation The techniques are placed in the continuum according to the extent to which
they change the SL item. For instance, the technique of preservation does not make any changes in the SL word or phrase, while the technique of creation
replaces certain information to the preserved SL item, etc. Thus, it is used as the basis of the data analysis in this research. The elaborations and example of
those techniques are presented below.
1 Preservation
This is usually employed by the translator when an entity does not have any close equivalent in the TL and target culture. Davies 2003: 73 adds
that preservation technique is ―at the heart of the process of lexical
borrowing‖. Davies distinguishes two types of preservation as follows.
a Preservation of form
Preservation of form occurs when a translator may simply decide to maintain the source language terms in translation. The example of this
technique is provided as follows.
ST : I remember one day, when I was eight, Ali was taking me to
the bazaar to buy some _naan_.
TT : Aku ingat suatu hari ketika aku berumur delapan tahun, Ali
mengajakku ke pasar untuk membeli naan.
b Preservation of content
Preservation of content occurs when the source language terms are not
preserved, but a cultural reference receives a literal translation, with no further
explanation. The example of this technique is provided as follows.
ST :
Valentine’s Day is celebrated on February 14
th
. TT
: Hari Valentin dirayakan pada tanggal 14 Februari.
However, both preservation of form and preservation of the content
may not always be the best choice in translation of culture-specific items. Davies warns that in some cases the preservation of the content may be
confusing for the TL readers Davies, 2003: 74. As Davies notes, in the transla
tion of proper names, ―the desire to preserve the meaning of an element may lead to a loss of other aspects of the name, such as sound pattering or
connotations, while preservation of the form of the name may lead to a loss of recognizable meaning‖ Davies 2003: 74.