Analytical Construct LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

data which contain the result of the questionnaires distributed to three informants who evaluated the accuracy and acceptability scale and three respondents who evaluated the readability scale of the CSIs translation. The data included the score of the accuracy, acceptability, and readability of the CSIs translation. This research used three kinds of data source: document, informant, and respondent. For the document, the researcher chose Hosseini‘s novel The Kite Runner and its Indonesian version translated by Berliani M. Nugrahani. This novel was published by Riverhead Books, New York in 2003. It consists of 324 pages. The Indonesian version of The Kite Runner was published by Qanita; PT. Mizan Pustaka, Bandung in 2008. It consists of 490 pages. The informant consists of three translation experts who were asked to assess the accuracy and acceptability scale of the CSIs translation. They are Dhoni Setiawan, S.S., Sigit Wibisono, S.S., and Amin Rais. The role of informants is very important. Therefore, there are some criteria that should be fulfilled. Firstly, heshe masters English and Indonesian well. Secondly, heshe has a good competence in translation theory. Thirdly, heshe has many experiences in translating. Fourthly, heshe has a willingness to be involved in this research. For the respondent, the researcher chose three common readers who were required to determine the readability scale of the CSIs translation. They are Nenti Listianihadi, Tiara Agustina, and M. Dede Hermawan.

C. Research Instruments

In a qualitative research, there are two instruments involved. They are researcher as the main or key instrument and other instruments, such as data sheets, notes, or tape recorder Prastowo, 2012: 43. According to Moleong 2014: 168, a researcher as the instrument acts as the designer, the data collector, the analysis, the data interpreter and the reporter of the research findings. There were four instruments employed in this research. The first instrument was the researcher himself. The second instrument was the data sheet which is used to record and classify the data. Table 6 is the example of the data sheet format. Table 2. Data Sheet Code ST TT Types of CSIs Techniques Translation Quality Foreignisation Domestication Accuracy Acceptability Readability E C M C S C O C G H P F P C A I A O O M G L L O T R C R A L A I A 1 L A 1 N A E A 2 D 4MC PFAN AD I remember one day, when I was eight, Ali was taking me to the bazaar to buy some _naan_. Aku inhgat saat aku berumur delapan tahun, Ali mengant arku untuk membeli naan . √ √ √ √ √ The third instrument was the data questionnaire. It was used to evaluate the accuracy, acceptability, and readability of the CSIs translation. In addition, the three instrument tables proposed by Nababan 2004 as the fourth instrument used in this research. The example of data questionnaire format to measure accuracy and acceptability of the CSIs translation can be seen in Table 3. Table 3. Data Questionnaire 1 No ST TT Accuracy Acceptability 4 I remember one day, when I was eight, Ali was taking me to the bazaar to buy some _naan_. 7 Aku inhgat saat aku berumur delapan tahun, Ali mengantarku untuk membeli naan . 22 3 1 Comment: Benda yang bernama ‗naan‘ terdengar asing di telinga peembaca. Selain itu juga tidak dijelaskan lebih specific dalam terjemahanny aapa itu naan. In order to fill the data questionnaire 1, two instrument tables namely Accuracy Rating Instrument and Acceptability Rating Instrument were used as the guidelines used by the informants to determine the accuracy and acceptability scale of the CSIs translation. They are provided as follows.

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