Yalden’s Model Instructional Material Design

39 of Senior High School Students Year XI. Moreover, in designing the instructional material, the writer combined the two models of instructional design suggested by Yalden and Kemp. The framework of designing the materials consists of six steps, they are: 1. Conducting pre-design survey adapted from Yalden’s Model, 2. Stating the goals, topics and general purposes adapted from Yalden’ Model and Kemp’s Model, 3. selecting teaching learning activities and resources adapted from Kemp’s Model, 4. developing a set of reading materials for the Language Program of Senior High School Students Year XI based on constructivist learning theory adapted from Kemp’s Model, 5. conducting post-design survey adapted from Kemp’s Model, 6. revising and making the final version of the materials adapted from Yalden’s Model and Kemp’s Model. The six steps above are shown in the scheme below. Moreover, the scheme below is a combination of Yalden’s model and Kemp’s model. Figure 7. The Steps of the Materials Design Conducting pre - design survey adapted from Yalden’s Model Stating goals, topics general purpose adapted from Yalden’ Model and Kemp’s Model Selecting teaching learning activities and resources adapted from Kemp’s Model Conducting post- design survey adapted from Kemp’s Model Developing reading materials adapted from Kemp’s Model Revising and making the final version of the materials adapted from Yalden’ Model and Kemp’s Model 40

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

In this study, a method was set up in order to find out how a set of reading material using constructivist learning for Language Program of Senior High School Students Year XI is designed.

A. Method

In order to develop a set of reading materials for Language Program of Senior High School Students Year XI based on constructivist learning theory, this study employed Educational Research and Development method. The Educational Research and Development method was developed by Walter R. Borg. According to Borg, Educational Research and Development R D is a process used to develop and validate educational products 1983: 772. The steps of this study referred to the R D cycle which consists of studying research findings pertinent to the product to be developed, developing the product based on these findings, field testing it in the setting where it will be used eventually, and revising it to correct the deficiencies found in the field stage. Moreover, the goal of educational research is not to develop products, but rather to discover new knowledge through basic research or to answer specific question about practical problems through applied research Borg, 1983: 772. Before the educational R D process can be applied, it is necessary to describe as specifically as possible the educational product that is to be developed. This process is called product selection Borg, 1983: 776. This description should include: 1 an overall narrative description of the proposed PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI