Origins of the Sui people and their migratory history
2.1 Origins of the Sui people and their migratory history
According to Li Pingfan and Yan 2011:435ff., the Sui ancestors originated in the Luogushui 骆 谷水 region of Shaanxi province, living in the Sui River 睢水 basin. 1 They migrated south and became one of the Baiyue ethnic groups. 2 It was not until the Tang dynasty that the character Shui 水 began to be used in Chinese history books to refer to the ethnic group. 3 After the capitulation of the Yin and Shang dynasties, the Sui ancestors migrated south across Hubei and Hunan, arriving in the Guangxi region and assimilating into the Baiyue ethnic groups of ancient southern China. After the unification of China by the Qin, the imperial government sent troops to attack the southern regions. The Sui ancestors then migrated upstream, northwards, in what became the second great migration in their history. They finally settled in the upper reaches of the Longjiang and Duliujiang rivers in the border regions of present-day Guangxi and Guizhou. Gradually they acquired the identity of a single ethnic group, developing from a branch of the “Luo Yue 骆越 ”, a group which came from the Baiyue SCAEG 2007:9. The Sui autonym comes from the Sui river which provided sustenance for the Sui ancestors. The first volume of Treatise on Rivers and Canals of the Ming History 《明史•河渠志上》 says, “Water from the Yellow River is directed into the Bian 汴 river, the Bian into the Sui 睢 , the Sui into the Si 泗 , the Si into the Huai 淮 , and thence into the sea.” Historically, the Sui and other non-Han ethnic groups were referred to collectively as “Baiyue”, “Liao 僚 ”, “Miao 苗 ” or “Man 蛮 ”, among others. During the Tang dynasty, Fushui prefecture 抚水州 was created in the Sui region. Crimson Elegance 《赤雅》 , written by the famous Ming poet Kuang Lu, records that “the Shui 水 people are a type of Liao 僚 ”. 4 After the middle of the Qing dynasty, the Sui began to be known as “Shuijia Miao 水家苗 ” literally “Miao from the Shui clan” or “Shuijia 水家 ” the “Shui clan”. Post-liberation, after consulting the Sui people themselves, the State Council officially designated them “Shuizu 水族 Shui Minority” SCAEG 2007.2.2 Geography of the Sui region
Parts
» e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Introduction and objectives e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Background e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Previous research on the Sui language
» Research findings e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Origins of the Sui people and their migratory history
» Sandong SD Shuigen village, Sandong district Zhonghe ZH Hezhai hamlet, Zhonghe village
» Tangzhou TZ Meiyu village, Tangzhou district Antang AT Antang village, Tangzhou district
» Tingpai TP Xinyang village, Tingpai township Dujiang DJ Zenlei village, Dujiang township
» Banliang BL Banliang village, Tangzhou district Jiaoli JL Gaorong village, Jiaoli district
» Proto-Sui: A questionable hypothesis
» Lack of thorough and reliable reconstructions Debate over prosodic form of the proto language
» Difficulty in identifying cognates and loanwords
» Data and conventions e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Summary of argument Background
» Shared tonal developments in Yang’an Sui and Kam
» Shared tonal developments in Pandong, Western, Yang’an Sui and Kam
» Unique tonal developments in Southern Sui
» Summary Discussion Divergent tonal development in Sui dialects
» Merger of entering tones in Jiaoli JL, Pandong Merger of Tones 7 and 8 in Shuiyao SY, Southern
» Sui “voiced-high” tone value distinctiveness: An areal feature
» Tone 6 Variation in Sui phonetic tone values
» Summary of findings e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Introduction e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Prenasalised voiced stops Onsets
» Palatalised onsets From onsets to rimes: Palatalisation, labialisation and glides
» Labialised onsets From onsets to rimes: Palatalisation, labialisation and glides
» PKS -e and -ai partial merger in Tangzhou TZ PKS -
» Yang’an Shared diachronic innovations and Sui subgrouping
» Southern Central, Western, Eastern and Pandong
» PKS retentions shared by all Sui dialects Late sound changes shared by all Sui dialects
» Phonetic variation Background e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Selection of data for comparison
» Method of determining lexical similarity
» Sui and Kam Lexical similarity counts
» Sui dialects Lexical similarity counts
» Pandong Sui dialect variants
» Yang’an Sui dialect variants
» Dialect variants shared by Pandong and Yang’an Sui Southern Sui dialect variants
» Differences in semantic range
» Semantic shift due to lexical replacement
» Semantic differences due to differences in physical environment
» SD and JQ: A lexical and semantic crossover region Semantic change: Conclusion
» Conclusion e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Introduction Background: Dialectometry and Levenshtein distance LD
» Calculating Levenshtein distance Methodology
» Selection of Sui and Kam data for comparison
» Pre-processing of Sui and Kam data
» LD calculated using narrow, phonetic transcriptions
» LD calculated using broad, phonemicised transcriptions
» Sandong SD and Zhonghe ZH: the most representative varieties Cluster determinants
» Results of Sui and Kam dialect comparison
» Conclusions Introduction e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Measuring intelligibility e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Recorded Text Test RTT: Story question and answer method
» Word recognition tests Sentence completion tests
» Sentence translation tests Content question and answer tests
» Towards a new methodology: The sentence retelling L2 test
» Designing the sentences Methodology
» Translating and recording the sentences Designing the tests
» Administering the tests sampling and procedures
» Scoring the tests Methodology
» Intelligibility of Central Sui GC Intelligibility of Southern Sui SY
» Intelligibility of Yang’an Sui LW Intelligibility of Pandong Sui PD
» Methodology critique e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Visualisations Dialect clusters indicated by wordlist analysis
» Group B e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Group A e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Group C e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Group A sentences Group B sentences
» Group C sentences Group A sentences
» Group B sentences Group C sentences
» Initials Finals Tones Sound changes according to age strata
» Initials Finals Tones e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Initials Finals Tones Sound changes according to age strata Initials
» Finals Tones Sound changes according to age strata Initials
» Finals Tones Sound changes according to age strata Initials Finals
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