Group C Group A

20. My neighbour hung up the meat because he wanted to dry it. But it all went mouldy and he had no choice but to throw it all away. 21. While she was cutting vegetables she cut off her fingernail. There was a lot of blood, and her elder sister helped her to bandage up the wound. 22. The night before yesterday, a strong wind blew open the door. Everyone thought it was a ghost and went and hid. 23. She hadn’t done anything wrong but she was scolded by her mother-in-law. She was very angry and didn’t say a single word all afternoon. 24. Two children walked into a cave to look for bats, but they went too far in and got lost. The adults finally found them after searching for two days. 25. That boy wearing the yellow clothes is taking a fat monkey for a walk up and down the street. 26. I remember when I was young my grandmother was always saying that I was too skinny, so at that time I ate an awful lot of rice every dinner. 27. In three weeks’ time I am getting married. You must all come and join in my wedding celebrations. 28. I had thought that the ground here would be very easy to till. It turned out that it was really hard and quite exhausting because it is really rocky.

1.3 Group C

29. It hasn’t rained for a long time so the corn is not growing very tall at all. Father is very worried about it. 30. He worked all day in the fields and he got very sunburnt - his skin went as black as charcoal. 31. After drinking too much liquor he went and got into a fight with someone. He came home injured from the fight. 32. In the autumn while we were harvesting the rice, lots of locusts were flying about in the fields and all the children tried to catch them. 33. Two days before New Year before it got light, our mother got up early to boil sticky rice in preparation for making sticky rice cakes. 34. We raise six chickens in our household. The hens often lay so we get several eggs every day. 35. A child went to play by the side of the pond. She wasn’t paying attention, fell into the pond and almost drowned. 36. Last night I had a dream. In the dream I was up on the mountain hunting. A tiger chased me and I was frightened out of my wits. 37. Yesterday she went to pick peppercorns. She scratched her hands badly, but she carried on picking and in the end brought a big bag of peppercorns home. 38. He climbed up a tree and picked lots of sweet fruit. He gave the fruit to a very pretty girl. 39. You mustn’t disturb her, she is doing her homework. She will come and play with you when she’s finished. 40. Someone brought a little baby and put it in the doorway of my maternal uncle’s house. My uncle didn’t have any children himself, so he took the baby in and brought it up. 41. They asked that elder sister who was carrying a basket on her back, “Where do you come from?” 42. If I see you bullying someone again like that, I’ll send you to the kitchen to wash dishes for a whole month. 2 GC Gucheng, Central RTT sentences

2.1 Group A

1. man ¹ 1SG ha ³ kill ti ³ one to² CLF m̥u⁵ pig , qaːi³ take naːn⁴ meat man² fatoil paːi¹ go joŋ² extract , ʔdat⁷ some man² fatoil tsa ⁵ DEM tum ⁴ enough man ¹ 1SG tsje ¹ eat ti ³ one njeːn² month ljeu² PERF . 2. fai ⁶ maternal.aunt man ¹ 1SG ɕin¹ become ȶiːt⁷ ill ljeu² PERF , tsje ¹ eat ti ⁶ ti³ a.little ha² medicine ʔma¹ vegetable , ȶiːt⁷ ill qo ³ then ʔdaːi¹ good ljeu² PERF , pjeːn³ afterwards qo ³ then paːi¹ go li ⁴ do qoŋ¹ work ʔdai³ CAP ljeu² PERF . 3. man ¹ 1SG paːi¹ go huŋ⁵ pasture po ⁴ ox , me² NEG qau ⁵ look.at ʔdaːi¹ well , po ⁴ ox qo ³ then paːi¹ go ⁿdaːi⁵ field he ¹ someone.else tsje ¹ eat laːk⁸ shoots ʔau⁴ rice , he ¹ someone.else qau ⁵ look.at ⁿdo³ see ljeu² PERF , qo ³ then jam ¹ ask man ¹ 1SG pʰui⁴ recompense ɕeːn². money 4. man ¹ 1SG me² NEG ɕau³ know lui² swim , tsa ⁵ that.time lui² swim qo ³ then me² NEG tʰau⁵ reach ʔdai³ CAP ʔwaːŋ⁵ bank ʔui⁵ opposite ʔnja¹ river , me² NEG ʔdai³ CAP nam ⁵ with zən¹ person kuŋ² many ȵaːu⁶ at ʔui⁵ opposite li ⁴ do qʰa¹ ʔna¹ play . 5. man ¹ 1SG ȵaːu⁶ at paːn⁵ halfway kʰun¹ road , niŋ⁵ on.the.way ⁿdo³ see ti ³ one to² CLF hui² snake , man ¹ 1SG sjaːŋ⁶ want.to ʔnon⁵ hit , tsaːu² PASS hui² snake ȶiːt⁸ bite man ¹ 1SG ti ³ one paːk⁷ mouth ljeu² PERF . 6. man ¹ 1SG paːi¹ go poŋ⁴ pond tsa ⁵ DEM hap ⁷ catch ʔdai³ get kuŋ² many mum ⁶ fish , pjeːn³ afterwards paːi¹ go ʔdai³ get kuŋ² many ŋam², chives qaːi³ take taŋ¹ come li ⁴ make mum ⁶ fish vjin ⁵ lən² offer.sacrifices twa ³ Dwa.festival . 7. man ¹ 1SG haːŋ⁵ bury ȶum¹ gold ȵan² silver ȵaːu⁶ at ʁaːu³ in hum ⁵ earth , ʔan⁵ consider sot ⁷ tell ⁿdjoŋ³ place tsa ⁵ DEM ʔdaːi¹ good ljeu² PERF , qo ³ then ŋaːi⁴ PASS he ¹ someone.else ljak ⁷ steal paːi¹ go ʔai⁵ again . 8. laːk⁸ son qa ⁰ laːu⁴ old.man tsa ⁵ DEM ȵaːu⁶ at ʁaːu³ in ʔbaːn³ village naːi⁶ this ɕin¹ become laːk⁸ child ton ⁴ most ɣaːi⁵ clever , man ¹ 1SG ȵaːu⁶ at ʁaːu³ in ʔbaːn³ village naːi⁶ this ɕin¹ become laːk⁸ child qa ¹ study ta ¹ ɕo² university ton ⁴ most ʔjit⁷ first . 9. man ¹ 1SG paːi¹ go ʔaːu¹ get ⁿdjit⁷ firewood , ŋaːi⁴ PASS qat ⁷ cut tin ¹ foot , qo ³ then ʔaːu¹ needmust ɕi⁵ four ʔai³ CLF zən¹ person tjuŋ¹ carry man ¹ 1SG paːi¹ go ji ³ vjeːn¹ hospital qau ⁵ look.at ȶiːt⁷ wound . 10. ȶin¹ ⁿdiu¹ 1PL.EX sau ³ roast man² haːn³ sweet.potato , sau ³ roast ʔo⁵ burnt ljeu² PERF , me² NEG qʰan¹ tasty ȶi³ kuŋ² much ha ¹ NEG , ʔai³ laːu⁴ adult ʔnam³ often sot ⁷ tell ⁿdiu¹ 1PL.EX lan ⁶ tsjeːn⁶ waste man² haːn³ sweet.potato . 11. pən³ thing ʔnaŋ⁵ salty , pən³ thing hum ³ sour , pən³ thing ljaːn⁵ spicy , man ¹ 1SG pu ³ all me² NEG maŋ⁴ like tsje ¹ eat , maŋ⁴ like tsje ¹ eat laːu³ only pən³ thing ljeːn⁶ sweet ha ¹ PART , haŋ² lən² afterwards vjen ¹ tooth pu ³ all tok ⁷ fall paːi¹ go liu ⁴ completely ljeu² PERF . 12. ŋ̥ai⁵ hear fan² say van ¹ ʔmu³ tomorrow tok ⁷ fall fən¹ rain , lui ⁵ come down to ¹ door ʔaːu¹ needmust tai² take tjum ¹ umbrella tsan ⁶ along.with lən² after , me² ha ¹ otherwise tsaːu² PASS ʔɣak⁷ wet fən¹ rain qo ³ then ɕin¹ become sja ³ fever . 13. tsaːu⁴ originally tsa ⁵ DEM ju² 1SG mi ⁴ not.yet ɣo⁴ ʔme¹ know ni ⁴ ʔbjaːk⁷ wife ju² 1SG , ju² 1SG jin² every ᵐbe¹ year pu ³ all nam ⁵ with ȶi³ several ʔai³ person man ¹ 1SG paːi¹ go hən² place ʔdi¹ far li ⁴ do qoŋ¹ work . 14. tsoŋ¹ if ȵa² 2SG ʔaːu¹ want paːi¹ go qum ¹ rooftop ɣaːn² house tsa ⁵ DEM , ɣaːn² house ʔwaːŋ⁵ side si ⁴ left tsa ⁵ DEM ʔnaŋ¹ have ti ³ one lam ¹ CLF ʔde³ ladderstairs ʔɣaːi³ long , ȵa² 2SG ho ⁴ from ⁿdjoŋ³ place tsa ⁵ that paːi¹ go ʔdai³ CAP .

2.2 Group B