Yang’an Sui dialect variants

Table 6.12. Dialect variants shared by Pandong dialect and Eastern Sui English Sandong SD Pandong variant Eastern Sui variant ‘seed’ van¹ pən³ PD, JL a pən³ DJ, SJ, RL ‘handkerchief’ ʔmaːn⁵ fja³ PD, JL fja³ DJ, SJ, RL, +Southern ‘toilet’ kʰuŋ³ tiŋ² PD tiŋ² RL ‘friend’ ȶiu⁵ naːu⁵ tsau⁶ PD naːu⁵ tsau⁶ RL, SJ ‘to rinse mouth’ ʔun³ lju³ PD, JL lju³ RL, SJ, +TP ‘to be’ ⁿdum³, dju² tiəŋ³ PD, JL tjaːŋ³ DJ, SJ, RL ‘to dig’ tsət⁸ kok⁷ JL qok⁷ DJ a Sandong and other Sui dialects also have p ən³ in the sense of ‘type of person or thing 种 ’

6.4.2 Yang’an Sui dialect variants

The bulk of Yang’an dialect variants are shared with Kam and are listed in section 6.3.1 Kam and Sui, table 6.3. We also found some variants which do not clearly correspond to Kam words. These are given in table 6.13. Table 6.13. Yang’an Sui dialect variants English Sandong SD Yang’an variant ‘forest’ ʔdoŋ¹ hi¹ ‘grasshopper’ ŋwaːŋ⁶ ⁿdjak⁷ ŋwaːŋ⁶ a ‘in the sky’ ʔu¹ ʔbən¹ paːn⁵ mən¹ b ‘porridge’ qeŋ¹ qam¹ c ‘spirit of deceased’ maːŋ¹ kə³ ljup⁷ d ‘small room’ hum⁴ tʰjaːu⁵ ‘sickle’ ljem⁴ jau¹ kwaːŋ³ TN, ȶi⁰ kwaːŋ³ BL e ‘to see’ ⁿdo³ soŋ¹ ‘to listen’ ʔdi³, ŋən⁴ mjəŋ³ ‘to love’ ᵐbjum¹ maŋ⁴ f ‘to dive’ n̥jap⁷ ŋ̥uk⁷ TN, ŋuk⁷ BL ‘to drip’ tom⁵ sok⁷ TN, sop⁷ BL g ‘to turn pages’ sjet⁷ qʰai³ ‘lazy’ hət⁷ ȶo⁶ ‘clever’ ɕai¹, ʔdjup⁷, hut⁷ qen¹ h a Compound ⁿdjak⁷ ‘locust’ + ŋwaːŋ⁶ ‘grasshopper-type’. b Literally ‘halfway in the sky’. Sandong ʔu¹ ʔbən¹ means ‘onabove the sky’. c Cognate ʔam¹ means ‘sour rice soup 米酸汤 ’ in Kam. d TN also say ȶui³ for ‘ghost’. Note that SD and other dialects also have kə³ ʔdjup⁷, but it refers specifically to a ghost or malicious spirit that spooks you in the dark. e Kam has a cognate kiŋ³ which also means ‘sickle’, but the usual Kam word is ljim⁴. f Means ‘to like’ in other Sui dialects. g BL uses tom⁵ for a classifier as in ‘a drop of water’, other dialects use ljət⁷. h SD also uses this word but it means ‘quick-witted’. Some other Sui dialects use ʔdjup⁷ for ‘quick-witted’ and ɕai¹ for ‘clever’. Yang’an shares a few words with Western Sui varieties such as ‘broken’ ȶʰot⁷ Sandong pʰa⁵, ‘frog’ ʔi¹ Sandong qup⁷ and ‘head’ kaːu³ku³ Sandong qam⁴, but most of these are also shared with Pandong and are catalogued in section 6.4.3 below. It also shares some lexical variants with Southern Sui such as ‘stinky’ ȵən¹ Sandong ȵ̥u¹. The two Yang’an dialects surveyed, TN and BL, were strikingly homogenous in terms of lexicon, with only a few words unique to one or the other. Some examples are ‘cloud’ tam⁵ BL, ‘you SG ’ ŋ̩² TN and ‘every’ pjaːi² TN.

6.4.3 Dialect variants shared by Pandong and Yang’an Sui