Yang’an Sui dialect variants
6.4.2 Yang’an Sui dialect variants
The bulk of Yang’an dialect variants are shared with Kam and are listed in section 6.3.1 Kam and Sui, table 6.3. We also found some variants which do not clearly correspond to Kam words. These are given in table 6.13. Table 6.13. Yang’an Sui dialect variants English Sandong SD Yang’an variant ‘forest’ ʔdoŋ¹ hi¹ ‘grasshopper’ ŋwaːŋ⁶ ⁿdjak⁷ ŋwaːŋ⁶ a ‘in the sky’ ʔu¹ ʔbən¹ paːn⁵ mən¹ b ‘porridge’ qeŋ¹ qam¹ c ‘spirit of deceased’ maːŋ¹ kə³ ljup⁷ d ‘small room’ hum⁴ tʰjaːu⁵ ‘sickle’ ljem⁴ jau¹ kwaːŋ³ TN, ȶi⁰ kwaːŋ³ BL e ‘to see’ ⁿdo³ soŋ¹ ‘to listen’ ʔdi³, ŋən⁴ mjəŋ³ ‘to love’ ᵐbjum¹ maŋ⁴ f ‘to dive’ n̥jap⁷ ŋ̥uk⁷ TN, ŋuk⁷ BL ‘to drip’ tom⁵ sok⁷ TN, sop⁷ BL g ‘to turn pages’ sjet⁷ qʰai³ ‘lazy’ hət⁷ ȶo⁶ ‘clever’ ɕai¹, ʔdjup⁷, hut⁷ qen¹ h a Compound ⁿdjak⁷ ‘locust’ + ŋwaːŋ⁶ ‘grasshopper-type’. b Literally ‘halfway in the sky’. Sandong ʔu¹ ʔbən¹ means ‘onabove the sky’. c Cognate ʔam¹ means ‘sour rice soup 米酸汤 ’ in Kam. d TN also say ȶui³ for ‘ghost’. Note that SD and other dialects also have kə³ ʔdjup⁷, but it refers specifically to a ghost or malicious spirit that spooks you in the dark. e Kam has a cognate kiŋ³ which also means ‘sickle’, but the usual Kam word is ljim⁴. f Means ‘to like’ in other Sui dialects. g BL uses tom⁵ for a classifier as in ‘a drop of water’, other dialects use ljət⁷. h SD also uses this word but it means ‘quick-witted’. Some other Sui dialects use ʔdjup⁷ for ‘quick-witted’ and ɕai¹ for ‘clever’. Yang’an shares a few words with Western Sui varieties such as ‘broken’ ȶʰot⁷ Sandong pʰa⁵, ‘frog’ ʔi¹ Sandong qup⁷ and ‘head’ kaːu³ku³ Sandong qam⁴, but most of these are also shared with Pandong and are catalogued in section 6.4.3 below. It also shares some lexical variants with Southern Sui such as ‘stinky’ ȵən¹ Sandong ȵ̥u¹. The two Yang’an dialects surveyed, TN and BL, were strikingly homogenous in terms of lexicon, with only a few words unique to one or the other. Some examples are ‘cloud’ tam⁵ BL, ‘you SG ’ ŋ̩² TN and ‘every’ pjaːi² TN.6.4.3 Dialect variants shared by Pandong and Yang’an Sui
Parts
» e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Introduction and objectives e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Background e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Previous research on the Sui language
» Research findings e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Origins of the Sui people and their migratory history
» Sandong SD Shuigen village, Sandong district Zhonghe ZH Hezhai hamlet, Zhonghe village
» Tangzhou TZ Meiyu village, Tangzhou district Antang AT Antang village, Tangzhou district
» Tingpai TP Xinyang village, Tingpai township Dujiang DJ Zenlei village, Dujiang township
» Banliang BL Banliang village, Tangzhou district Jiaoli JL Gaorong village, Jiaoli district
» Proto-Sui: A questionable hypothesis
» Lack of thorough and reliable reconstructions Debate over prosodic form of the proto language
» Difficulty in identifying cognates and loanwords
» Data and conventions e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Summary of argument Background
» Shared tonal developments in Yang’an Sui and Kam
» Shared tonal developments in Pandong, Western, Yang’an Sui and Kam
» Unique tonal developments in Southern Sui
» Summary Discussion Divergent tonal development in Sui dialects
» Merger of entering tones in Jiaoli JL, Pandong Merger of Tones 7 and 8 in Shuiyao SY, Southern
» Sui “voiced-high” tone value distinctiveness: An areal feature
» Tone 6 Variation in Sui phonetic tone values
» Summary of findings e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Introduction e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Prenasalised voiced stops Onsets
» Palatalised onsets From onsets to rimes: Palatalisation, labialisation and glides
» Labialised onsets From onsets to rimes: Palatalisation, labialisation and glides
» PKS -e and -ai partial merger in Tangzhou TZ PKS -
» Yang’an Shared diachronic innovations and Sui subgrouping
» Southern Central, Western, Eastern and Pandong
» PKS retentions shared by all Sui dialects Late sound changes shared by all Sui dialects
» Phonetic variation Background e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Selection of data for comparison
» Method of determining lexical similarity
» Sui and Kam Lexical similarity counts
» Sui dialects Lexical similarity counts
» Pandong Sui dialect variants
» Yang’an Sui dialect variants
» Dialect variants shared by Pandong and Yang’an Sui Southern Sui dialect variants
» Differences in semantic range
» Semantic shift due to lexical replacement
» Semantic differences due to differences in physical environment
» SD and JQ: A lexical and semantic crossover region Semantic change: Conclusion
» Conclusion e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Introduction Background: Dialectometry and Levenshtein distance LD
» Calculating Levenshtein distance Methodology
» Selection of Sui and Kam data for comparison
» Pre-processing of Sui and Kam data
» LD calculated using narrow, phonetic transcriptions
» LD calculated using broad, phonemicised transcriptions
» Sandong SD and Zhonghe ZH: the most representative varieties Cluster determinants
» Results of Sui and Kam dialect comparison
» Conclusions Introduction e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Measuring intelligibility e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Recorded Text Test RTT: Story question and answer method
» Word recognition tests Sentence completion tests
» Sentence translation tests Content question and answer tests
» Towards a new methodology: The sentence retelling L2 test
» Designing the sentences Methodology
» Translating and recording the sentences Designing the tests
» Administering the tests sampling and procedures
» Scoring the tests Methodology
» Intelligibility of Central Sui GC Intelligibility of Southern Sui SY
» Intelligibility of Yang’an Sui LW Intelligibility of Pandong Sui PD
» Methodology critique e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Visualisations Dialect clusters indicated by wordlist analysis
» Group B e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Group A e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Group C e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Group A sentences Group B sentences
» Group C sentences Group A sentences
» Group B sentences Group C sentences
» Initials Finals Tones Sound changes according to age strata
» Initials Finals Tones e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect
» Initials Finals Tones Sound changes according to age strata Initials
» Finals Tones Sound changes according to age strata Initials
» Finals Tones Sound changes according to age strata Initials Finals
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