Initials Finals Tones e book 66 Castro Sui Dialect

Figure G5. TZ: Pitch plot for tones on unchecked syllables. Figure G6. TZ: Pitch plot for tones on checked syllables.

3.4 Sound changes according to age strata

① The middle-aged speaker and the young speaker pronounced ʁ as [ᶰɢ]. ② The young speaker typically pronounced a ːk and ak identically, with no distinction between short and long [a]. 4 AT Sandong, Western Data point: Antang village, Tangzhou district, Sandu county Sui place name: h ən² ʔam⁵ taːŋ², ʔbaːn³ ʔu¹ loi² Wordlist informants: Pan Zhicheng 王志 诚 ， Pan Chengsi 潘承思 ， Wang Tongjin 王通 进 ， Pan Xiang 潘想

4.1 Initials

p p ʰ ᵐb ʔb m̥ m ʔm f v ʔw t tʰ ⁿd ʔd n̥ n ʔn l ts tsʰ s z ȶ ȶʰ ȵ̥ ȵ ʔȵ ɕ j ʔj k kʰ ŋ̊ ŋ ʔŋ ɣ ʔɣ q qʰ ʁ ʔ h pj pʰj ᵐbj ʔbj m̥j mj fj vj tʰj ⁿdj ʔdj n̥j nj ʔnj lj tsj kw ŋw ʔŋw Notes: ① v is usually pronounced with lip rounding, closer to [vw]. ② ɣ and ʁ can also be pronounced as [ⁿɡ] and [ɢ] respectively free variation.

4.2 Finals

i ie e, ẽ a o u ɿ uə aːi ai oi ui iu ieu eu aːu au im iem em aːm am om um in ien en aːn an on un ən uən iŋ ieŋ eŋ aːŋ aŋ oŋ uŋ əŋ ip iep ep aːp ap op up it iet et aːt at ot ut ət ik iek ek aːk ak ok uk ək Notes: ① e is pronounced more like [ ɛ]. ② ai is pronounced as [ei] or [ ɜi] when it occurs after palatals. ③ au is usually pronounced closer to [ ɔu]. ④ ə is pronounced as [e] after palatals. ⑤ up, um, ut, un, uk and u ŋ are pronounced as [op], [om], [uːt], [ʊn], [ok] and [oŋ] respectively. ⑥ o is usually pronounced as [ ɔ]. Sometimes it is pronounced as a diphthong, e.g., [uɐ] or [oɐ]. ⑦ Some people pronounced k coda as [ ʔ].

4.3 Tones

113 242 333 453 535 634 7S 45 7L 24 8S 43 8L 43 Tone 3 in modern Chinese loanwords is pronounced as an auxiliary Tone 6 written as 6 in AT Sui. The tone value for Tone 6 is 55. For example, ‘newspaper’ Southwest Mandarin p aːu²tsɿ³ AT Sui paːu¹tsɿ⁶ paːu¹³tsɿ⁵⁵. Figure G7. AT: Pitch plot for tones on unchecked syllables. Figure G8. AT: Pitch plot for tones on checked syllables. 4.4 Sound changes according to age strata ① The young speaker usually pronounced ɕ as [h] or [hj]. ② The young speaker occasionally pronounced ʔb as [ʔm]. ③ The young speaker often did not distinguish short and long vowel length with Tone 7, with the tone value 55 for both 7S and 7L. 5 TP Sandong, Western Data point: Xinyang village, Tingpai township, Sandu county Sui place name: h ən² ɕian⁵, ʔbaːn³ ɕian⁵ Wordlist informants: Wei Lisheng 韦礼生 ， Wei Chunmei 韦春梅 ， Wei Qin 韦钦 ， Wei Sanliu 韦三六

5.1 Initials