Setting Research Procedure METHODOLOGY

B. Setting

In this research, to obtain the data about what kind of designed set materials was needed by the Registration and Information staff of Panti Rapih Hospital, the writer conducted the need analysis. The needs analysis was conducted in Panti Rapih Hospital, which is located at Cik Ditiro Street 30 Yogyakarta. The questionnaire distribution was done from 18 th to 20 th of May 2009. The interview took place from 9 th to 11 th of June 2009.

C. Research Participants

There were two kinds of participants. The first participants of needs survey and the second was the participants of materials evaluation survey.

1. The participants of Needs Survey

The needs survey was intended to diagnose the learners’ needs. The participants were 20 people of the Registration and Information staff of Panti Rapih Hospital.

2. The Participants of the Survey on the Designed Materials

This study involved the collection of opinions. The opinions were derived from a group of people who are involved in the teaching and learning process. They were four English instructors from several English courses in Yogyakarta and one lecturer from the English Study Program of Sanata Dharma University. The experts have the necessary knowledge and understanding about the appropriate English materials of ESP since they have thought ESP for years.

D. Research Instruments

The instruments used in this study were interviews and a questionnaire.

1. Interview

Seliger and Shomamy state that an interview is conducted to obtain information by actually talking to the subject 1989: 166. In this study, interviews was conducted with the 5 people of the Registration and Information staff of Panti Rapih Hospital.

2. Questionnaires

Seliger and Shomamy state that questionnaire is a printed list of data collection, which contain questions or statement for the subject to response 1989: 17 2. The questionnaire was distributed to gain participants’ opinions on the course.

a. Questionnaire of Needs Survey

In order to determine the language functions that were suitable for registration and information hospital staff, the type of instrument used to gather the data was questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided into three parts. The first part was asking about the learners’ impression towards important aspects in English learning vocabulary items, grammar, etc. They should choose the four alternative options in close-ended questionnaire. Table 3.1. The Four Alternative Options of Answer for the Questionnaire of Needs Survey Sangat tidak penting = very unimportant Tidak penting = unimportant Penting =important Sangat penting = very important The second part consisted of three main unstructured questions. The first asked about the learners’ opinion as to whether or not the English speaking ability is urgent for them and the reasons. In the second question, they were asked to give their opinion on the competence they should have in developing English speaking ability. The third question asked the learners about their opinion, whether they are agree or not in developing English speaking ability they should practice using English conversation given by the teacher. The last part of the questionnaire consisted of some guiding questions about the language functions the registration and information hospital staff needed to learn.

b. Questionnaire of the Survey on the Designed Materials

The questionnaire was distributed among the people who were involved in the teaching and learning process. Each of the questionnaires consisted of two parts: the close questions section and the open questions section. The answer to the close questions were in the form of scores ranging from 1 to 4 which was interpreted as strongly disagree until strongly agree. The answers in the open question were in the form of opinions and were treated descriptively. Table 3.2. The Degree of Agreement for the Materials Evaluation Questionnaire Number Degree of Agreement 5 strongly agree 4 agree 3 undecided 2 disagree 1 strongly disagree

E. Data Gathering Technique

In order to gather the information about the previous and recent materials for the Registration and Information staff of Panti Rapih Hospital, this research used instruments related to their job. They were interviews and questionnaires.

1. Interviews

In this study, the interview was applied for five Registration and Information staff of Panti Rapih Hospital. They were chose randomly and interviewed in Panti Rapih Hospital. There were eight main questions which would be useful to gather the respondents’ opinions.

2. Questionnaires

a. Needs Survey

The survey study was chosen primarily to obtain the data from the appropriate respondents, in this case the Registration and Information staff of Panti Rapih Hospital. The needs survey was necessary to know what language functions that were needed by the Registration and Information Hospital staff to be learnt in order to develop their speaking ability using CLT Communicative Language Teaching. As a survey, this study used interviews and a questionnaire to collect data.

b. Survey on the Designed Materials

This kind of survey was necessary to get the opinions on and the evaluation of the designed materials from four English instructors from several English courses in Yogyakarta and one lecturer from English Study Program of Sanata Dharma University.

F. Data Analysis Technique

The data was analyzed based on the survey study that was conducted.

1. Needs Survey

The data from the questionnaire was analyzed descriptively by counting the number of the Registration and Information Hospital staff who chose the items of the four options for the first part. The second part of the questionnaire was analyzed by collecting their opinions, suggestions about topics that they thought could help them in communicating with foreign patients, and they considered important to be learned. The third part, was analyzed by collecting the Registration and Information Hospital staff opinions on the subject of English, grouping the same opinions and counting them then the results were grouped and counted. Table 3.3. The Results of Selected Topics from the Questionnaire of Needs Survey NO. TOPICS NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS 1. Giving Information 33,3 2. Giving Directions 13 3.

2. Survey on The Designed Materials

Data that comes from the source are in the form of scores from 1 to 5. The scores were interpreted as follows: 1 1 and 2 are interpreted as negative response 2 3 are interpreted as neutral response 3 4 and 5 are interpreted as positive response The scores indicated whether or not the designed topics were accountable for the Registration and Information Hospital staff. In case that the materials were not accountable, the writer employed the collected data to revise the designed materials. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The mean or average point was determined by adding up all of scores and dividing the sum by the total number of subject Gay, 1992: 149. Thus, the formula for contributing the mean as follows: _ ΣX X = _______ N Notes: _ X = mean ΣX = total of score N = number of cases Table 3.4. The Results of the Preliminary Field Testing from the Materials Evaluation Questionnaire NO. RESPONDENTS’ OPINION N CENTRAL TENDENCIES Mean

G. Research Procedure

In conducting the study, the seven steps of research procedure could be seen in Figure 3.2. below: Figure 3.2. Steps in Conducting the Study STEP 1 Conducting library study STEP 2 Needs Survey STEP 3 Developing English Instructional material for registration and information hospital staff Distributing FRAMEWORK FOR THE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL DESIGN STEP 4 Conducting Needs Survey STEP 5 Revising Material STEP 6 Making the final version Processing Questionnaires Distributing Questionnaires Processing Questionnaires STEP 7 Giving feedback to the learners 63

CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter is divided into three main parts. The first is the designing process of English instructional speaking materials using Communicative Language Teaching. The second part is the findings and discussion on the designed materials evaluation. The third part is the presentation of English instructional speaking materials for the Registration and Information staff of Panti Rapih Hospital using Communicative Language Teaching.

A. The Designing Process of the English Instructional Speaking Material

using Communicative Language Teaching In this study, the writer applied eight steps in designing English instructional speaking materials for the Registration and Information staff of Panti Rapih Hospital using Communicative Language Teaching. The eight steps are the combination of two instructional designed models: they are Yalden’s and Dick and Reiser’s models. The eight steps, which are the major answer to the first question of problem formulation, are diagnosing learners’ needs, formulating the goal and objectives, developing and implementing the classroom procedures, designing the syllabus and lesson plans, designing the materials, evaluating the materials, and revising the materials. These steps are discussed as follows.